{"id":2013,"date":"2023-07-18T22:05:13","date_gmt":"2023-07-18T22:05:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.smenergy-project.eu\/?page_id=2013"},"modified":"2024-03-19T01:00:29","modified_gmt":"2024-03-19T01:00:29","slug":"pr1-research-and-development-stage","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.smenergy-project.eu\/index.php\/pr1-research-and-development-stage\/","title":{"rendered":"PR1 &#8211; Research and Development stage"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2013\" class=\"elementor elementor-2013\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4701a44 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"4701a44\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5eea528\" data-id=\"5eea528\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-379a425 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"379a425\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Research and Development stage<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-46a13cf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"46a13cf\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-12 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d1aa11e\" data-id=\"d1aa11e\" data-element_type=\"column\" id=\"roadpoint1\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f7929b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4f7929b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">1<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-379dd75 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"379dd75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Introduction<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-12 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-48a5f06\" data-id=\"48a5f06\" data-element_type=\"column\" id=\"roadpoint2\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e643db3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e643db3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">2<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b31fb03 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b31fb03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Identification and mapping of all items &amp; assets related to SME\u2019s<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-12 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-39869ad\" data-id=\"39869ad\" data-element_type=\"column\" id=\"roadpoint3\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dfe03a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5dfe03a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">3<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d490cb6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d490cb6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>How to calculate the company\u2019s Energy Footprint\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-12 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-afa38a4\" data-id=\"afa38a4\" data-element_type=\"column\" id=\"roadpoint4\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ddb0c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4ddb0c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">4<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-326663a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"326663a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Suggestions to reduce the energy footprint<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-12 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9f807fc\" data-id=\"9f807fc\" data-element_type=\"column\" id=\"roadpoint5\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2388d31 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2388d31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">5<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9a1aac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d9a1aac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Factors to consider when selecting improvement suggestions<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-12 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-59044d4\" data-id=\"59044d4\" data-element_type=\"column\" id=\"roadpoint6\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-577f0da elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"577f0da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">6<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ecbd35c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ecbd35c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>References<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-12 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0a14776\" data-id=\"0a14776\" data-element_type=\"column\" id=\"roadpoint7\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-04e263c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"04e263c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">7<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ed5a80 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0ed5a80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Annex 1<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-12 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6e9da38 elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile\" data-id=\"6e9da38\" data-element_type=\"column\" id=\"roadpoint8\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-42fe01f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"42fe01f\" data-element_type=\"section\" id=\"cont\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-65f2f65\" data-id=\"65f2f65\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69bb7e9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"69bb7e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"m1\"> \t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2018\" class=\"elementor elementor-2018\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9ba3aa8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"9ba3aa8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8bd6865\" data-id=\"8bd6865\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9488ae9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9488ae9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The current document represents the second task of the first Project Result \u201cMethodological framework for energy footprint management\u201d of the SMEnergy project, funded by the Erasmus+ programme, with the aim of developing a methodology for SMEs to measure their Energy Footprint and identify actions to optimise their energy use.<\/p><p>The project is conducted by a consortium of five partners from four European countries: Greece, Portugal, Bulgaria, and Cyprus. All partners have the technical expertise to achieve the project objectives and wide experience in participating in and managing national and European projects. The work presented here is organised according to the proposal.<\/p><p>The previous task (task 1) of this Project Result represented the introduction chapter of the methodology, this current document represents the second task: the research and development stage. This stage consists of:<\/p><ul><li>Identification of SME\u2019s energy-related activities, with the common ground between the sectors, and association of those activities with devices, energy sources, and target groups;<\/li><li>Identification and mapping of all items &amp; assets related to SME\u2019s operations that entail energy consumption;<\/li><li>Calculation of the company\u2019s energy footprint with measurements of total energy consumption\/use per source\/form of energy and Energy footprint baseline\/benchmark per energy source, in relation to the previous identified assets\/ activities;<\/li><li>Compilation of improvement suggestions\/guidelines to reduce use\/consumption and\/or increase energy efficiency;<\/li><li>Factors to consider when selecting improvement<\/li><\/ul><p>This document will identify the diversity and commonalities of the sectors covered by the project to ensure the adequacy of the methodology . The baseline for the design of the methodology will be supported by a thorough research that was done in working groups, to ensure a good quality of the result and a wider perspective.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t <\/div>\n<div id=\"m2\"> \t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2029\" class=\"elementor elementor-2029\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7f3ed49 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"7f3ed49\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5b50671\" data-id=\"5b50671\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-81e5e11 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"81e5e11\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>This chapter will represent an identification &amp; mapping of all items &amp; assets related to SMEs\u2019 operations that entail energy consumption: buildings, car fleet, machinery &amp; other assets engaged in their operations. To each item\/asset identified, indicative energy characteristics are to be associated: form\/source, class, management systems, consumption levels, and efficiency. With the aim to achieve the specific objectives of the task PR1\/T2, a literature review is set to be elaborated on the three identified sectors: Food &amp; Beverage, Iron &amp; Steel Production and Construction. As a reason of convenience, this document is divided into three sections: <strong>Items &amp; Assets Identification and Energy sources<\/strong>, <strong>Energy Consumption Levels <\/strong>and <strong>Management systems<\/strong>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<h2>2.1. Contextualization<\/h2>\n<p>The three approached sectors in this document, Food &amp; Beverage, Iron &amp; Steel Production and Construction, are characterized by the existence of a high number of small and medium enterprises (SME), this is, the majority of the companies that are part of each of the sectors are SME\u2019s rather than large players. The objective of this document is to identify and characterize items &amp; assets which are typically installed in the respective workplaces (for instance, plants and buildings) of each sector, thus within the context of SME\u2019s that make part of majority of the existing companies. In <strong>Error! Reference source not found.<\/strong>, it is performed a correspondence of the share of SME\u2019s for each sector.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>Table 1- Association of share of SME\u2019s over total number of companies for each identified sector<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"189\">\n<p><strong>Sector<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"325\">\n<p><strong>Share of SME\u2019s over total number of<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>companies<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"131\">\n<p><strong>Ref.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"189\">\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"325\">\n<p>99%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"131\">\n<p>[1]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"189\">\n<p>Iron &amp; Steel Production<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"325\">\n<p>90 \u2013 95%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"131\">\n<p>[2]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"189\">\n<p>Construction<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"325\">\n<p>99%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"131\">\n<p>[3]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<h2>2.2. Items &amp; Assets Identification and Energy sources<\/h2>\n<p><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Energy-related items &amp; assets are assumed to be in the elaboration of this document all the energy- using processes, units and technologies that are currently inserted on the workplaces in which one of the identified sectors operate. In <strong>Error! Reference source not found.<\/strong>, the energy-using units in each identified sector are identified and characterized in terms of final energy source. Such characterization was retrieved from the information present on several sectorial-based scientific publications and reference documents [4\u20136]. For each item\/ sector, an ID was associated to conveniently identify these items\/ assets in further parts of the document.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>Table 2- Characterization of items &amp; assets for each of three identified sectors<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"59\">\n<p><strong>ID<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"275\">\n<p><strong>Process<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"311\">\n<p><strong>Final Energy Source<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\" width=\"645\">\n<p><strong>Food &amp; Beverage Sector<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"59\">\n<p>FB1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"275\">\n<p>Materials Reception and Preparation<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"311\">\n<p>Electricity (Sorting, screening and washing)<\/p>\n<p>Fuels (Thrawing)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"59\">\n<p>FB2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"275\">\n<p>Size reduction, mixing and forming<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"311\">\n<p>Electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"59\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>FB3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"275\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Separation techniques<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"311\">\n<p>Electricity (Extraction, centrifugation, sedimentation and filtration)<\/p>\n<p>Fuels (Distillation)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"52\">\n<p>FB4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"295\">\n<p>Product processing technologies<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"297\">\n<p>Electricity (Water level adjustment only)<\/p>\n<p>Fuels<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"52\">\n<p>FB5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"295\">\n<p>Heat processing<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"297\">\n<p>Fuels<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"52\">\n<p>FB6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"295\">\n<p>Concentration by heat<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"297\">\n<p>Fuels<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"52\">\n<p>FB7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"295\">\n<p>Chilling and freezing<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"297\">\n<p>Electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"52\">\n<p>FB8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"295\">\n<p>Post processing operations<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"297\">\n<p>Electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"52\">\n<p>FB9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"295\">\n<p>Utility processes<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"297\">\n<p>Electricity<\/p>\n<p>Fuels (Heating and Cooling purposes)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\" width=\"645\">\n<p><strong>Iron &amp; Steel Production Sector<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"52\">\n<p>MP1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"295\">\n<p>Raw Materials Preparation (Sintering and<\/p>\n<p>Coke Production)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"297\">\n<p>Fuels<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"52\">\n<p>MP2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"295\">\n<p>Ironmaking<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"297\">\n<p>Fuels<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"52\">\n<p>MP3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"295\">\n<p>Steelmaking<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"297\">\n<p>Electricity (Electric furnace)<\/p>\n<p>Fuels (Basic Oxygen Furnance)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"52\">\n<p>MP4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"295\">\n<p>Rolling<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"297\">\n<p>Electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"52\">\n<p>MP5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"295\">\n<p>Finishing<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"297\">\n<p>Electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\" width=\"645\">\n<p><strong>Construction Sector<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"52\">\n<p>C1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"295\">\n<p>Mineral extraction, product and material<\/p>\n<p>manufacture<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"297\">\n<p>Electricity<\/p>\n<p>Fuels (Combustion-processes only)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"52\">\n<p>C2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"295\">\n<p>Transport of products and materials<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"297\">\n<p>Fuels<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"52\">\n<p>C3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"295\">\n<p>Construction and demolition<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"297\">\n<p>Fuels<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"52\">\n<p>C4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"295\">\n<p>Transport related to construction and<\/p>\n<p>demolition<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"297\">\n<p>Fuels<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"52\">\n<p>C5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"295\">\n<p>Transport of secondary and recycled<\/p>\n<p>materials<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"297\">\n<p>Electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"49\">\n<p>C6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"346\">\n<p>Transport of wastes from product and<\/p>\n<p>material manufacture<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"249\">\n<p>Electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"49\">\n<p>C7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"346\">\n<p>Transport of construction and demolition<\/p>\n<p>waste<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"249\">\n<p>Fuels<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<h2>2.3. Energy Consumption Levels<\/h2>\n<p><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The determination of energy consumption levels for the items &amp; assets existing in the workplaces of each identified sector allows to establish a characterization in terms of improvement at the level of the optimisation of energy supply and demand (either by energy efficiency improvement or renewable energy integration). In <strong>Error! Not a valid bookmark self-reference. <\/strong>\u2013 <strong>Error! Reference source not found.<\/strong>, the characterization of each sector in terms of energy consumption levels is presented. Such characterization was proceeded with the aim to characterize the most possible each identified item\/ asset in particular. For the sectors in which characterization is not possible due to the lack of specific data for those items\/ assets, a correspondence was made between the identified items\/ assets to most generic energy-using units which are typically identified in benchmark documents developed for the sectors. Such characterization was retrieved from the information present on several sectorial- based scientific publications and reference documents, as well as energy consumption data and sectorial databases [4,6\u201310].<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>Table 3- Characterization of energy use for the items\/ assets of the Food &amp; Beverage sector<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"4\" width=\"325\">\n<p><strong>Targeted Item\/<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Asset<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"208\">\n<p><strong>Energy Consumption per<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>enterprise (MWh\/year)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">\n<p><strong>Share of<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Energy Use<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"87\">\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">\n<p>Refrigeration<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"124\">\n<p>FB7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"208\">\n<p>339.25<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">\n<p>28.03<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"87\">\n<p>Electricity- using units<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"115\">\n<p>Electric Motors<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"60\">\n<p>FB1<\/p>\n<p>FB2 FB3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"64\">\n<p>FB4 FB8<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"208\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>270.70<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"111\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>22.37<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"86\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td width=\"113\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td width=\"58\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td width=\"124\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td width=\"79\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"200\">\n<p>Lightning<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"56\">\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"221\">\n<p>48.26<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"105\">\n<p>3.99<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"200\">\n<p>Compressed<\/p>\n<p>air<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"119\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Plant-level<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"221\">\n<p>33.58<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"105\">\n<p>2.77<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"200\">\n<p>Miscellaneous<\/p>\n<p>uses<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"56\">\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"221\">\n<p>7.69<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"105\">\n<p>0.64<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"200\">\n<p>Combustion-based<\/p>\n<p>processes<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p>FB4<\/p>\n<p>FB5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"56\">\n<p>FB6<\/p>\n<p>FB9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"221\">\n<p>510.70<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"105\">\n<p>42.20<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"200\">\n<p><strong>Total<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"56\">\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"221\">\n<p>1210.18<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"105\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Table 4- Characterization of energy use for the items\/ assets of the Iron &amp; Steel Production sector<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"181\">\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"112\">\n<p><strong>Targeted<\/strong> <strong>Item\/<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Asset<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"240\">\n<p><strong>Energy Consumption per<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>enterprise (MWh\/year)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"112\">\n<p><strong>Share of<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Energy Use<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"181\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Fired heaters<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"112\">\n<p>MP1<\/p>\n<p>MP2 MP3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"240\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>14385.31<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"112\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>81%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"181\">\n<p>Motor systems<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"112\">\n<p>MP4<\/p>\n<p>MP5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"240\">\n<p>1243.18<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"112\">\n<p>7%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"181\">\n<p>Steam production<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"112\">\n<p>All MP\u2019s<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"240\">\n<p>1243.18<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"112\">\n<p>7%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"181\">\n<p>Facilities<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"112\">\n<p>Plant-level<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"240\">\n<p>532.79<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"112\">\n<p>3%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"181\">\n<p>Miscellaneous<\/p>\n<p>processes<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"112\">\n<p>Plant-level<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"240\">\n<p>355.19<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"112\">\n<p>2%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"181\">\n<p><strong>Total<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"112\">\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"240\">\n<p>17759.65<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"112\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Table 5- Characterization of energy use for the items\/ assets of the Construction sector<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"44\">\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"295\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Item\/ Asset<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"185\">\n<p><strong>Energy Consumption per enterprise<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>(MWh\/year)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"121\">\n<p><strong>Share of Energy Use<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"44\">\n<p>C1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"295\">\n<p>Mineral extraction, product and material<\/p>\n<p>manufacture<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"185\">\n<p>15.82<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"121\">\n<p>50.78%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"44\">\n<p>C2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"295\">\n<p>Transport of products and materials<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"185\">\n<p>6.56<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"121\">\n<p>21.06%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"44\">\n<p>C3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"295\">\n<p>Construction and demolition<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"185\">\n<p>1.73<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"121\">\n<p>5.56%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"44\">\n<p>C4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"295\">\n<p>Transport related to construction and<\/p>\n<p>demolition<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"185\">\n<p>3.50<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"121\">\n<p>11.24%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"44\">\n<p>C5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"295\">\n<p>Transport of secondary and recycled<\/p>\n<p>materials<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"185\">\n<p>3.34<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"121\">\n<p>10.72%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"44\">\n<p>C6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"295\">\n<p>Transport of wastes from product and<\/p>\n<p>material manufacture<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"185\">\n<p>0.04<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"121\">\n<p>0.13%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"44\">\n<p>C7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"295\">\n<p>Transport of construction and demolition<\/p>\n<p>waste<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"185\">\n<p>0.16<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"121\">\n<p>0.52%<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"44\">\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"295\">\n<p><strong>Total<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"185\">\n<p>31.16<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"121\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<h2>2.4. Management systems<\/h2>\n<p><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The management system of the energy system of plants\/ buildings (which may be defined as all the chain starting from each final energy source to the end-use item\/ asset) may be planned based on a sequence of four steps [11]:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Monitoring: Gather data on each parameter of the operation of a plant\/ building that affects energy use;<\/li>\n<li>Analysis: Dispose the gathered data to analyse current energy consumption;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>Control: Develop and execute a plant to install in real-life operations a set of identified improvement measures;<\/li>\n<li>Gains sustainability: Guarantee that the benefits brought by the previously implemented plant do persist throughout a significant amount of time.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>The implementation of energy management systems in plants\/ buildings of each one of the identified sectors thus passes by the identification and further implementation of several decarbonisation measures and technologies. In <strong>Error! Reference source not found. <\/strong>\u2013 <strong>Error! Reference source not found.<\/strong>, a set of improvement measures\/ technologies are identified and characterized for each sector. These measures\/ technologies are associated the most possible to the identified items\/ assets. While such association was proceeded bearing in mind whether the measure in cause has been operationally identified to be implemented in the context of an item\/ asset in specific, in some cases such association is proceeded more generically (for instance, bearing in mind the final energy source that is used in an item\/ asset and the final energy source that is set to be optimised with the implementation of a technology\/ measure). Such characterization was retrieved from the information present on several sectorial-based scientific publications and reference documents [4,12\u201316].<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>Table 6- Characterization of technologies for improved energy management in the Food &amp; Beverages sector<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"234\">\n<p><strong>Measure\/ Technology<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"285\">\n<p><strong>Potential<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p><strong>Targeted<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Item\/ Asset<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"3\" width=\"645\">\n<p><strong>Energy Efficiency Improvement<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"234\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Process optimisation<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"285\">\n<p>20.44 GWh\/ year energy savings<\/p>\n<p>5.340 kton CO2,eq\/ year reduction<\/p>\n<p>2.8 \u2013 9.7 years payback period<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>All FB<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"234\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Waste heat recovery<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"285\">\n<p>12.32 GWh\/ year energy savings<\/p>\n<p>3.220 kton CO2,eq\/ year reduction<\/p>\n<p>2.4 \u2013 5.6 years payback period<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p>FB4 FB5 FB6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"247\">\n<p>Hot\/ cold utility supply optimisation systems<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"272\">\n<p>21.23 GWh\/ year energy savings<\/p>\n<p>5.535 kton CO2,eq\/ year reduction<\/p>\n<p>1.7 \u2013 18.0 years payback period<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"125\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>FB9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"247\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Heat pump systems<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"272\">\n<p>0.07 GWh\/ year energy savings<\/p>\n<p>0.02 kton CO2,eq\/ year reduction<\/p>\n<p>7.8 years payback period<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"125\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>FB7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"247\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Absorption chilling systems<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"272\">\n<p>0.66 GWh\/ year energy savings<\/p>\n<p>0.17 kton CO2,eq\/ year reduction<\/p>\n<p>3.2 years payback period<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"125\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>FB7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"4\" width=\"645\">\n<p><strong>Renewable Energy Resources &amp; Cogeneration<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"247\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Solar thermal systems<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"272\">\n<p>3.72 GWh\/ year energy savings<\/p>\n<p>0.97 kton CO2,eq\/ year reduction<\/p>\n<p>14.9 \u2013 45.9 years payback period<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"125\">\n<p>FB4 FB5 FB6<\/p>\n<p>FB9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"247\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Biomass fuel systems<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"272\">\n<p>1.415 GWh\/ year energy savings<\/p>\n<p>0.37 kton CO2,eq\/ year reduction<\/p>\n<p>6.6 \u2013 26.8 years payback period<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"125\">\n<p>FB4 FB5 FB6<\/p>\n<p>FB9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"247\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Photovoltaic (PV) systems<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"272\">\n<p>0.50 GWh\/ year energy savings<\/p>\n<p>0.15 kton CO2,eq\/ year reduction<\/p>\n<p>13.7 years payback period<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\n<p>FB1 FB2 FB3<\/p>\n<p>FB4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"56\">\n<p>FB7 FB8 FB9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"247\">\n<p>Combined Heat &amp; Power (CHP) systems<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"272\">\n<p>64.90 GWh\/ year energy savings<\/p>\n<p>15.415 kton CO2,eq\/ year reduction<\/p>\n<p>1.1 \u2013 3.6 years payback period<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"125\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>All FB<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Table 7- Characterization of technologies for improved energy management in the Iron &amp; Steel Production sector<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"236\">\n<p><strong>Measure\/ Technology<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"299\">\n<p><strong>Potential<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"110\">\n<p><strong>Targeted<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Item\/ Asset<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"236\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>High temperature air combustion<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"299\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>20 \u2013 30% thermal efficiency increase<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"110\">\n<p>MP1<\/p>\n<p>MP2 MP3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"236\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Top-pressure recovery turbine<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"299\">\n<p>30 kWh electricity savings\/ ton of produced material<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"110\">\n<p>MP3<\/p>\n<p>MP4 MP5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"236\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Dry deducting and recovery<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"299\">\n<p>30% of electricity savings for top-pressure recovery turbine<\/p>\n<p>5 \u2013 8% improvement in the lower heating<\/p>\n<p>value of fuels<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"110\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>All MP\u2019s<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"236\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Coke dry quenching<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"299\">\n<p>95 \u2013 105 kWh of electricity savings\/ ton of produce material<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"110\">\n<p>MP3<\/p>\n<p>MP4 MP5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"236\">\n<p>Waste heat recovery (including fuel and electricity savings)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"299\">\n<p>122.12 \u2013 203.53 MWh of fuel savings\/ ton of produced material<\/p>\n<p>53.7% electricity savings<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"110\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>All MP\u2019s<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"236\">\n<p>Process optimisation (heat transfer enhancement)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"299\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>6 \u2013 24% thermal efficiency improvement<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"110\">\n<p>MP1<\/p>\n<p>MP2 MP3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"236\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Energy-efficient machines<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"299\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>50% electricity savings (plant-level)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"110\">\n<p>MP3<\/p>\n<p>MP4 MP5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Table 8- Characterization of technologies for improved energy management in the Construction sector<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"232\">\n<p><strong>Measure\/ Technology<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"299\">\n<p><strong>Potential<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"114\">\n<p><strong>Targeted<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Item\/ Asset<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"232\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Space planning<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"299\">\n<p>65% electricity savings (Lighting purpose)<\/p>\n<p>10% reduction of heating and cooling demands<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"114\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>All C\u2019s<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"232\">\n<p>Thermal insulation of exterior<\/p>\n<p>walls<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"299\">\n<p>25% of heating and cooling demands<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"114\">\n<p>All C\u2019s<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"232\">\n<p>Improvement of daylight<\/p>\n<p>incidence<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"299\">\n<p>33% electricity savings<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"114\">\n<p>Building-level<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"232\">\n<p>Warm air heat recovery<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"299\">\n<p>25 \u2013 50% total energy savings<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"114\">\n<p>All C\u2019s<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"232\">\n<p>High-efficiency light-bulbs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"299\">\n<p>15% electricity savings<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"114\">\n<p>Building-level<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<div id=\"m3\"> \t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2035\" class=\"elementor elementor-2035\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a255473 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"a255473\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-593d0b8\" data-id=\"593d0b8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d659d52 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d659d52\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>This chapter provides the values for the Energy Footprint indicators associated with each one of the items, assets, processes, and activities identified in the \u201cIdentification of SME\u2019s related activities\u201d document present in <\/em><a href=\"#_bookmark49\"><em>Annex 1<\/em><em>. <\/em><\/a><em>Namely the ones with respect to the main activities related to all SMEs administration, food and beverage services, construction sector, manufacturing industry and metal production, and chemical processes.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<h2>3.1. Definition of Energy Footprint<\/h2>\n<p>Energy footprint may be defined as an assessment of the impact brough by energy use associated to an asset (for instance, a product, territory or organization) within a specified space and time [17]. Energy footprint of an asset is considered a parcel of the ecological footprint of such asset [18].<\/p>\n<p>Another indicator which may also be interpreted as part of the ecological footprint is carbon footprint, whose is much more common than energy footprint [19]. As the global energy system accounts for the major part of GHG emissions, carbon footprint is used in the place of energy footprint in research &amp; development and societal studies [20]. However, not all GHG emissions are due to energy use, and as such the energy footprint-type indicators may be convenient to be used in determinate cases instead of carbon footprint.<\/p>\n<p>Several indicators may be used to perform energy-related impact assessments, and as such be defined as energy footprint indicators. A common indicator (which is commonly set as the definition of energy footprint itself) is:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The sum of all areas used to provide non-food and non-feed energy [21]; Or rather:<\/li>\n<li>The land required to absorb the GHG emissions [22].<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In practice, such indicator may be difficult to be calculated with only a few data (a considerable quantity of parameters must be quantified to calculate such area). As such, other indicators may be defined and furtherly calculated. These are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Energy consumption within a determinate place and time (example of units: MJ\/year, MWh\/year);<\/li>\n<li>Energy consumption per quantity of produced good (example of units: MJ\/kg, MWh\/kg);<\/li>\n<li>Energy consumption per quantity of produced monetary value (example of units: MJ\/\u20ac, MWh\/\u20ac);<\/li>\n<li>GHG emissions associated to energy use within a determinate place and time (example of units: kg CO2,eq\/year).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The calculation of the aforementioned indicator according to formulas relating literature and online available data with the respective indicators is presented in Table 9.<\/p>\n<p><em>Table 9- Formulas for the calculation of Energy Footprint indicators<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"228\">\n<p><strong>Indicator<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"416\">\n<p><strong>Equation<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"134\">\n<p>Yearly Productive Area<\/p>\n<p>(PA)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"468\">\n<p>Energy Consumption (J\/year)<\/p>\n<p>PA (m2\/year) =&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2<\/p>\n<p>Energy Productivity (J\/m )<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"42\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>(1)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"134\">\n<p>Specific Energy<\/p>\n<p>Consumption (SEC)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"468\">\n<p>Energy Consumption (J\/year) SEC (J\/kg) = <u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/u><\/p>\n<p>Quantity of Production (kg\/year)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"42\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>(2)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"134\">\n<p>Energy per Monetary<\/p>\n<p>Value (EMV)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"468\">\n<p>Energy Consumption (J\/year) EMV (J\/\u20ac) = <u>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/u><\/p>\n<p>Revenue (\u20ac\/year)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"42\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>(3)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"134\">\n<p>Energy-associated GHG<\/p>\n<p>Emissions<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"468\">\n<p>GHG (kg CO2,eq\/year) = Energy Consumption (J\/year) \u00d7 Emission Factor (J\/kg CO2,eq)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"42\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>(4)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>While the equations <a href=\"#_bookmark8\">(1) <\/a>\u2013 <a href=\"#_bookmark9\">(3) <\/a>subsist essentially on data proper to items &amp; assets (such the energy consumption and revenue measured during the time frame of, for instance, one year), equation <a href=\"#_bookmark10\">(4)<\/a> also subsists on tabled data on equivalent carbon dioxide emission factors [23,24]. These indicators may be calculated for total energy consumption (based on the final energy consumption measured for each item\/ asset) or for each respective energy use parcels (for instance, natural gas, electricity, oil and coal), with the energy-associated GHG Emissions having to be obligatorily calculated for each energy source in specific and then the total GHG Emissions resulting of the sum of the respective parcels. These indicators may be calculated based on data gathered from literature and online available databases [25\u201327,29,30].<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2><br><\/h2><h2>3.2. Energy Footprint of administrative activities<\/h2>\n<p>In the context of the SMEnergy project, the energy footprint indicators for the identified items and activities\/processes must be calculated through indirect methods, namely through the gathering of energy\/fuel demand\/consumption data. In <strong>Error! Reference source not found.<\/strong>0, the power fuel\/demand associated with each previously identified administrative activities is presented.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>Table 10- Determination of Energy Footprint indicators for selected administrative activities<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p><strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><strong>Devices<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"64\">\n<p><strong>Energy <\/strong><strong>source<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"87\">\n<p><strong>Target groups<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"87\">\n<p><strong>Profession<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"135\">\n<p><strong>Power\/Fuel Demand<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"77\">\n<p><strong>Reference <\/strong><strong>s<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p>Operational Activities<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Printer<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"64\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"87\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>All SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"87\">\n<p>Administratio n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"135\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Laser printer: 600-800W<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"77\">\n<p>[17]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Heating\/Cooling<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p>Air conditioning<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"64\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"87\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>All SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"87\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>N\/A<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"135\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>3000-4000W<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"77\">\n<p>[18], [19]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Lightening<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Lights<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"64\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"87\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>All SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"87\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>N\/A<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"135\">\n<p>60-100W (depending on the power of the bulb<\/p>\n<p>used)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"77\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p>Operational Activities<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p>Internet\/TV Suplpiers<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"64\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"87\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>All SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"87\">\n<p>Administratio n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"135\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Interner router: 5-15W<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"77\">\n<p>[20]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Operational Activities<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Computers<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"64\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"87\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>All SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"87\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Accountant, programmer<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"135\">\n<p>High-end Desktop: 150W, Low-end desktop: 40W, Laptop: 30W<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"77\">\n<p>[21]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p>Operational Activities<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Mobile phone<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"64\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"87\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>All SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"87\">\n<p>Sales, Marketing<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"135\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Phone charger: 4-7W<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"77\">\n<p>[22]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Operational Activities<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p>Uninterruptable Power Supply<\/p>\n<p>(UPS)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"64\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"87\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>All SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"87\">\n<p>System Administratio<\/p>\n<p>n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"135\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>1000VA UPS: 1000W ,<\/p>\n<p>1500VA UPS: 150W<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"77\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Operational Activities<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Servers<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"64\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"87\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>All SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"87\">\n<p>System Administratio<\/p>\n<p>n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"135\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>1000W<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"77\">\n<p>[23]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Presentation<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Projector<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"64\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"87\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>All SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"87\">\n<p>System Administratio<\/p>\n<p>n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"135\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>300W<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"77\">\n<p>[24]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Presentation<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Big Screen TV<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"64\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"87\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>All SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"87\">\n<p>System<\/p>\n<p>Administratio n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"135\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>TV LED 65&#8243;: 100W<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"77\">\n<p>[25]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Presentation<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Microphones<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"64\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"87\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>All SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"87\">\n<p>System<\/p>\n<p>Administratio n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"135\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>30-96mW<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"77\">\n<p>[26]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Presentation<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Audio equipment<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"64\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"87\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>All SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"87\">\n<p>System Administratio<\/p>\n<p>n<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"135\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>50W<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"77\">\n<p>[27]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<h2>3.3. Energy Footprint of Construction sector processes<\/h2>\n<p>Construction is an energy-intensive sector foe SMEs. In the context of the SMEnergy project, the energy footprint indicators for the identified items and activities\/processes must be calculated through indirect methods, namely through the gathering of energy\/fuel demand\/consumption data. In Table 11, the power fuel\/demand associated with each previously identified construction sector activities\/processes is presented.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>Table 11- Determination of Energy Footprint indicators for selected Construction processes and items<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"113\">\n<p><strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"121\">\n<p><strong>Devices<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p><strong>Energy <\/strong><strong>source<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"81\">\n<p><strong>Target groups<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"94\">\n<p><strong>Profession<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"85\">\n<p><strong>Power\/Fuel Demand<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"77\">\n<p><strong>References<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"113\">\n<p>Operational Activities<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"121\">\n<p>Vibrators to settle and compact concrete<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"81\">\n<p>Construction SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"94\">\n<p>Construction SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"85\">\n<p>Standard size: 2000-4000W<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"77\">\n<p>[24]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"113\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Operational Activities<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"121\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Water Pump<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"81\">\n<p>Construction SMEs \/ All<\/p>\n<p>SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"94\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Construction SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"85\">\n<p>250-4000W<\/p>\n<p>(depending on the model)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"77\">\n<p>[25]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"113\">\n<p>Operational Activities<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"121\">\n<p>Power Hammers and Drills<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"81\">\n<p>Construction SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"94\">\n<p>Construction SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"85\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>800-1200W<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"77\">\n<p>[26], [27]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"113\">\n<p>Operational Activities<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"121\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Saws<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"81\">\n<p>Construction SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"94\">\n<p>Construction SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"85\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>1200-1400W<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"77\">\n<p>[28]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"113\">\n<p>Operational Activities<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"121\">\n<p>Concrete Batching Plant<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"81\">\n<p>Construction SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"94\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Operator<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"85\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>7000-14000W<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"77\">\n<p>[29]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"113\">\n<p>Driving \/ Operational Activities<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"121\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Concrete Boom Placers<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>fuel<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"81\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Construction SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"94\">\n<p>Drivers\/staff in consruction company<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"85\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>0.39-<\/p>\n<p>0.52L\/m3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"77\">\n<p>[30]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"113\">\n<p>Driving \/ Operational<\/p>\n<p>Activities<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"121\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Concrete Tanks<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>fuel<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"81\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Construction SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"94\">\n<p>Drivers\/staff in consruction<\/p>\n<p>company<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"85\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>15-17L\/h<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"77\">\n<p>[31]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"113\">\n<p>Driving \/<\/p>\n<p>Operational Activities<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"121\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Construction trucks<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>fuel<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"81\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Construction SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"94\">\n<p>Drivers\/staff in<\/p>\n<p>consruction company<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"85\">\n<p>Dump trucks<\/p>\n<p>(class 8): 38L\/100km<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"77\">\n<p>[32]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<h2>3.4. Energy Footprint of food and beverage services and manufacturing<\/h2>\n<p>There are several SMEs operating in Food and beverage sector. The food and beverage sector could be divided in food and beverage manufacturing and food and beverage services, i.e., hotels, bars, restaurants, etc. In the context of the SMEnergy project, the energy footprint indicators for the identified items\/assets and activities\/processes must be calculated through indirect methods, namely through the gathering of energy\/fuel demand\/consumption data. In Table 12, the power fuel\/demand associated with each previously identified construction sector activities\/processes is presented.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>Table 12- Determination of Energy Footprint indicators for selected food and beverage processes and items<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p><strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><strong>Devices<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"83\">\n<p><strong>Energy <\/strong><strong>source<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p><strong>Target groups<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"84\">\n<p><strong>Profession<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"135\">\n<p><strong>Power\/Fuel Demand<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"76\">\n<p><strong>Reference <\/strong><strong>s<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Washing\/ Operational<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Laundry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"83\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p>Food &amp;<\/p>\n<p>Beverage services SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"84\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Hotels staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"135\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>500W<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"76\">\n<p>[17]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Washing\/ Operational<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p>Washing machine \/<\/p>\n<p>Dishwashers<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"83\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage<\/p>\n<p>services SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"84\">\n<p>Hotels \/ restaurant<\/p>\n<p>staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"135\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>1200-1500W<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"76\">\n<p>[17]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Cooking<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Coffee machine<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"83\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage<\/p>\n<p>services SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"84\">\n<p>Hotels \/ restaurant<\/p>\n<p>staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"135\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>800-1500W<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"76\">\n<p>[21]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Storage<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Fridges<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"83\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage<\/p>\n<p>services SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"84\">\n<p>Hotels \/ restaurant<\/p>\n<p>staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"135\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>100-220W<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"76\">\n<p>[17]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Cooking<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Ovens<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"83\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p>Food &amp;<\/p>\n<p>Beverage services SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"84\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Chefs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"135\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>2150W<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"76\">\n<p>[17]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Cooking<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Microwave<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"83\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p>Food &amp;<\/p>\n<p>Beverage services SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"84\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Chefs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"135\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>600-1700W<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"76\">\n<p>[17]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Cooking<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Grill<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"83\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Electricity\/ga s<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage<\/p>\n<p>services SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"84\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Chefs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"135\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>1500 W (average)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"76\">\n<p>[33]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Serving<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Steam Tables<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"83\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage<\/p>\n<p>services SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"84\">\n<p>Hotels \/ restaurant<\/p>\n<p>staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"135\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>1500-3000W<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"76\">\n<p>[34]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Operational Activities<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Fridge and Freezers<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"83\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p>Food &amp;<\/p>\n<p>Beverage services SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"84\">\n<p>Hotels \/<\/p>\n<p>restaurant staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"135\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>150-400W<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"76\">\n<p>[17]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Cooking<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Deep-Fryers<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"83\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage services SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"84\">\n<p>Hotels \/ restaurant staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"135\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>1000W<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"76\">\n<p>[17]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Operational Activities<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Ice Machines<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"83\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage<\/p>\n<p>services SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"84\">\n<p>Hotels \/ restaurant<\/p>\n<p>staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"135\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>400-600W<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"76\">\n<p>[35]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Water Heating<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Boilers<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"83\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p>Food &amp;<\/p>\n<p>Beverage services SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"84\">\n<p>Hotels \/<\/p>\n<p>restaurant staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"135\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>1200-1300W<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"76\">\n<p>[17]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Operational Activities<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Ventilation<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"83\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Food &amp;<\/p>\n<p>Beverage services SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"84\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Hotels \/<\/p>\n<p>restaurant staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"135\">\n<p>Restaurant ventilation system: 1500-2000W \/ Each exhaust commercial fan: 60 &#8211;<\/p>\n<p>120W<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"76\">\n<p>[36]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Operational Activities<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Filtration System<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"83\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage manufacturing<\/p>\n<p>SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"84\">\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage manufacturin<\/p>\n<p>g staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"135\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Cold food: 0.014-0.036<\/p>\n<p>MJ\/kg, Hot food: 0.38 MJ\/kg<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"76\">\n<p>[37]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Operational Activities<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>De-oiling System<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"83\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage manufacturing SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"84\">\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage manufacturin g staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"135\">\n<p>Palm oil: 1.1MJ\/kg, Rapeseed: 1.3MJ\/kg, Soy beans: 1.14- 1.25ML\/kg<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"76\">\n<p>[37]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Operational Activities<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Ambient Air Cooler<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"83\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage manufacturing<\/p>\n<p>SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"84\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage manufacturin<\/p>\n<p>g staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"135\">\n<p>Meat: 0.1-0.2MJ\/kg, Hotpies: 0.62MJ\/kg, Potatoes: 0.26-<\/p>\n<p>0.34MJ\/kg, Milk: 0.02-<\/p>\n<p>0.1MJ\/l, Cheese: 0.41MJ\/kg<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"76\">\n<p>[37]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Cooking<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Ovens<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"83\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Electricity\/ga s<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage manufacturing<\/p>\n<p>SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"84\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage manufacturin<\/p>\n<p>g staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"135\">\n<p>Bread &amp; rolls: 4.07MJ\/kg, Biscuits &amp; crackers: 4.17MJ\/kg, Cakes: 0.94MJ\/kg, Frozen bakery products:<\/p>\n<p>1.34MJ\/kg<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"76\">\n<p>[37]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Cooking<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Fryers<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"83\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Electricity\/ga s<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage manufacturing<\/p>\n<p>SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"84\">\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage manufacturin<\/p>\n<p>g staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"135\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>8.78 &#8211; 11.11MJ\/kg<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"76\">\n<p>[37]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Cooking<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Cooking Systems<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"83\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Electricity\/ga s<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage manufacturing SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"84\">\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage manufacturin g staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"135\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>1.2 &#8211; 8.1MJ\/kg<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"76\">\n<p>[37]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Storage<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Storage and Handling System<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"83\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage manufacturing<\/p>\n<p>SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"84\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage manufacturin<\/p>\n<p>g staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"135\">\n<p>Meat: 1.39 &#8211; 2.11MJ\/kg, Paultry: 1.5MJ\/kg, Carrots: 0.72MJ\/kg, Vegetables: 1.41MJ\/kg,<\/p>\n<p>Green peas: 1.36MJ\/kg<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"76\">\n<p>[37]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Operational Activities<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Weighers<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"83\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage manufacturing<\/p>\n<p>SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"84\">\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage manufacturin<\/p>\n<p>g staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"135\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>2W<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"76\">\n<p>[38]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Operational Activities<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Electronic Dosing Machines<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"83\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage manufacturing SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"84\">\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage manufacturin g staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"135\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Slicing: 0.13MJ\/kg, Shaping: 0.23MJ\/kg<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"76\">\n<p>[37]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Operational Activities<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Sorting machines<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"83\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage manufacturing<\/p>\n<p>SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"84\">\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage manufacturin<\/p>\n<p>g staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"135\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Biscuits &amp; crackers: 0.02MJ\/kg<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"76\">\n<p>[37]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Operational Activities<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Liquid filling machines<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"83\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage manufacturing SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"84\">\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage manufacturin g staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"135\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>20kW<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"76\">\n<p>[38]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Operational Activities<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Metal Detectors<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"83\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage manufacturing<\/p>\n<p>SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"84\">\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage manufacturin<\/p>\n<p>g staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"135\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>1-2kW<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"76\">\n<p>[39]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Operational Activities<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Cutting machines<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"83\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage manufacturing SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"84\">\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage manufacturin g staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"135\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Meat: 0.22 &#8211; 0.3MJ\/kg<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"76\">\n<p>[37]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Operational Activities<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Filling machines (cans)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"83\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage manufacturing<\/p>\n<p>SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"84\">\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage manufacturin<\/p>\n<p>g staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"135\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>0.5 &#8211; 2.41MJ\/l<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"76\">\n<p>[37]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Operational Activities<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Sterilization Machinery<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"83\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage manufacturing<\/p>\n<p>SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"84\">\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage manufacturin<\/p>\n<p>g staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"135\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>0.13 &#8211; 0.31MJ\/kg<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"76\">\n<p>[37]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Operational Activities<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Drying<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"83\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage manufacturing<\/p>\n<p>SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"84\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage manufacturin<\/p>\n<p>g staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"135\">\n<p>Milk: 3 &#8211; 7.5MJ\/l, Sugar: 1.51MJ\/kg, Cereals: 4.6<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; 5.7MJ\/kg, Cheese: 3.5MJ\/kg, Soy beans: 0.47MJ\/kg, flour: 43.29<\/p>\n<p>&#8211;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 46.89MJ\/kg, Potato<\/p>\n<p>flakes: 25.4 &#8211; 42MJ\/kg<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"76\">\n<p>[37]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Operational Activities<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Labelling- Automatic Labeller<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"83\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage manufacturing<\/p>\n<p>SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"84\">\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage manufacturin<\/p>\n<p>g staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"135\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>3kW<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"76\">\n<p>[40]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Operational Activities<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Packing Machines<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"83\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage manufacturing<\/p>\n<p>SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"84\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage manufacturin<\/p>\n<p>g staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"135\">\n<p>Bread &amp; rolls: 0.28MJ\/kg, Biscuits &amp; crackers: 0.36MJ\/kg, Cakes: 0.19MJ\/kg, Frozen bakery products: 0.27MJ\/kg, Tomato juice: 0.19MJ\/kg, Cheese: 0.26 &#8211;<\/p>\n<p>0.65MJ\/kg, Milk: 0.1-<\/p>\n<p>0.2MJ\/kg<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"76\">\n<p>[37]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Operational Activities<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Mixing<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"83\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage manufacturing<\/p>\n<p>SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"84\">\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage manufacturin<\/p>\n<p>g staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"135\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>0.09 &#8211; 0.27MJ\/kg<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"76\">\n<p>[37]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p>Operational Activities<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p>Ferment<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"83\">\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage manufacturing SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"84\">\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage manufacturin g staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"135\">\n<p>Pastry: 0.67MJ\/kg, Beer: 0.17MJ\/l<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"76\">\n<p>[37]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\">\n<p>Operational Activities<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p>Pasteurisation<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"83\">\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"100\">\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage manufacturing<\/p>\n<p>SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"84\">\n<p>Food &amp; Beverage manufacturin<\/p>\n<p>g staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"135\">\n<p>Milk 0.19MJ\/kg Tomato juice: 0.02MJ\/l, Fruit juice: 0.08MJ\/kg<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"76\">\n<p>[37]<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<h2>3.5. Energy Footprint of Metal Production Industries<\/h2>\n<p>The Metal Production industries prominently include the Iron &amp; Steel industry and the Aluminium industry. Within the performed energy research studies, there has not been any study that directly assesses the energy footprint of metal production assets in the context of the European Union. As such, energy footprint indicators must be calculated through indirect methods, namely through the gathering of energy and revenue-related data. In Table 13, the power fuel\/ demand (associated to the required further energy footprint calculation) associated to each identified activity of the Metal Production assets are presented.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>Table 13- Determination of Energy Footprint indicators for selected Metal Production industries assets<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><strong>Actvities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"103\">\n<p><strong>Devices<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"66\">\n<p><strong>Energy <\/strong><strong>source<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"94\">\n<p><strong>Target groups<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"160\">\n<p><strong>Profession<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p><strong>Power\/Fuel Demand<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><strong>Operational Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"103\">\n<p>Plate procesing<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"66\">\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"94\">\n<p>Metal processing<\/p>\n<p>SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"160\">\n<p>Metal processing SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p>2.836 \u2013 5.790 GJ\/ton<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><strong>Operational Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"103\">\n<p>Drilling machines<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"66\">\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"94\">\n<p>Metal processing<\/p>\n<p>SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"160\">\n<p>Metal processing SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p>0.65 \u2013 0.80 kW<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><strong>Operational Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"103\">\n<p>Robotic&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; cuting machines<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"66\">\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"94\">\n<p>Metal processing<\/p>\n<p>SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"160\">\n<p>Metal processing SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p>1.385 kW<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><strong>Operational Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"103\">\n<p>Sawing machines<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"66\">\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"94\">\n<p>Metal<\/p>\n<p>processing SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"160\">\n<p>Metal processing SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p>52.4 kW<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><strong>Operational Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"103\">\n<p>Painting machines<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"66\">\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"94\">\n<p>Metal processing SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"160\">\n<p>Metal processing SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p>16 kW<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><strong>Operational Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"103\">\n<p>Shot&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; blasting machines<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"66\">\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"94\">\n<p>Metal processing<\/p>\n<p>SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"160\">\n<p>Metal processing SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p>10 kW<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><strong>Operational Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"103\">\n<p>Punching machines<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"66\">\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"94\">\n<p>Metal<\/p>\n<p>processing SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"160\">\n<p>Metal processing SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p>6.9 \u2013 11.0 kW<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><strong>Operational Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"103\">\n<p>Shearing machines<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"66\">\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"94\">\n<p>Metal<\/p>\n<p>processing SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"160\">\n<p>Metal processing SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p>4.5 \u2013 5.5 kW<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><strong>Operational Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"103\">\n<p>Milling machines<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"66\">\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"94\">\n<p>Metal processing<\/p>\n<p>SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"160\">\n<p>Metal processing SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p>100 kW<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><strong>Operational Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"103\">\n<p>Grinding Machine<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"66\">\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"94\">\n<p>Metal processing<\/p>\n<p>SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"160\">\n<p>Metal processing SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p>5.22 \u2013 14.50 MW<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><strong>Operational Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"103\">\n<p>Shaper Machines<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"66\">\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"94\">\n<p>Metal<\/p>\n<p>processing SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"160\">\n<p>Metal processing SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p>0.35 kW<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><strong>Operational Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"103\">\n<p>Lathe Machine<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"66\">\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"94\">\n<p>Metal processing SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"160\">\n<p>Metal processing SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p>3.68 kW<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><strong>Operational Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"103\">\n<p>Broaching Machines<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"66\">\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"94\">\n<p>Metal processing<\/p>\n<p>SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"160\">\n<p>Metal processing SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p>0.33 \u2013 0.67 kW<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><strong>Operational Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"103\">\n<p>Shearing machine<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"66\">\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"94\">\n<p>Metal<\/p>\n<p>processing SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"160\">\n<p>Metal processing SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p>15 kW<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><strong>Operational Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"103\">\n<p>Hobbing Machines<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"66\">\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"94\">\n<p>Metal<\/p>\n<p>processing SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"160\">\n<p>Metal processing SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p>110 kW<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><strong>Operational Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"103\">\n<p>Sintering<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"66\">\n<p>fuels<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"94\">\n<p>Metal processing<\/p>\n<p>SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"160\">\n<p>Metal processing SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p>145 \u2013 150 MJ\/ton<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><strong>Operational Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"103\">\n<p>Coke Ovens<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"66\">\n<p>fuels<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"94\">\n<p>Metal<\/p>\n<p>processing SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"160\">\n<p>Metal processing SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p>23 \u2013 24 GJ\/t<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><strong>Operational Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"103\">\n<p>Blast Furnace<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"66\">\n<p>fuels<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"94\">\n<p>Metal<\/p>\n<p>processing SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"160\">\n<p>Metal processing SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p>1.8 \u2013 11.6 GJ\/ton<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"92\">\n<p><strong>Operational Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"103\">\n<p>Basic&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Oxygen Furnace<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"66\">\n<p>fuels<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"94\">\n<p>Metal processing<\/p>\n<p>SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"160\">\n<p>Metal processing SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p>11 GJ\/ton<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<h2>3.6. Energy Footprint of Chemical Process Industries<\/h2>\n<p>The Chemical Process industries (which the most accurate term to refer to Chemical Industry) includes Petrochemical industry and Pharmaceutical industry. Similar to the Metal Production industries, there has not been any study that directly assesses the energy footprint of Chemical Process assets in the context of the European Union. As such, energy footprint indicators must be calculated through indirect methods. In Table 14, the power fuel\/ demand (associated to the required further energy footprint calculation) associated to each identified activity of the Chemical Production assets are presented.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>Table 14- Determination of Energy Footprint indicators for selected Chemical Process industries assets<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"88\">\n<p><strong>Actvities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p><strong>Devices<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p><strong>Energy<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>source<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"90\">\n<p><strong>Target<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>groups<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"153\">\n<p><strong>Profession<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"121\">\n<p><strong>Power\/Fuel<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Demand<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"88\">\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p>Kettles<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"90\">\n<p>Chemical<\/p>\n<p>industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"153\">\n<p>Staff Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"121\">\n<p>2 \u2013 4 kW<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"88\">\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p>Tanks<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"90\">\n<p>Chemical<\/p>\n<p>industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"153\">\n<p>Staff Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"121\">\n<p>5.9 \u2013 367.0 kW<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"88\">\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p>Vacuum Pans<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"90\">\n<p>Chemical<\/p>\n<p>industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"153\">\n<p>Staff Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"121\">\n<p>18.5 \u2013 90.0 kW<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"88\">\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p>Agitators<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"90\">\n<p>Chemical<\/p>\n<p>industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"153\">\n<p>Staff Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"121\">\n<p>1.44 \u2013 2.98 W<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"88\">\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p>High Shear Mixers<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"90\">\n<p>Chemical<\/p>\n<p>industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"153\">\n<p>Staff Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"121\">\n<p>22 kW<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"88\">\n<p><strong>Operational Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p>Fluid Transfer<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"90\">\n<p>Chemical industry\/All Manufacturing<\/p>\n<p>Industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"153\">\n<p>Staff Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"121\">\n<p>1.50 kW<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"88\">\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p>Mixers<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"90\">\n<p>Chemical<\/p>\n<p>industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"153\">\n<p>Staff Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"121\">\n<p>1.44 \u2013 2.98 W<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"88\">\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p>Blenders<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"90\">\n<p>Chemical<\/p>\n<p>industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"153\">\n<p>Staff Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"121\">\n<p>1.44 \u2013 2.98 W<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"88\">\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p>Hot Air Generator<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"90\">\n<p>Chemical<\/p>\n<p>industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"153\">\n<p>Staff Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"121\">\n<p>10 \u2013 1000 kW<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"88\">\n<p><strong>Operational Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p>Evaporators<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"90\">\n<p>Chemical industry\/All Manufacturing<\/p>\n<p>Industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"153\">\n<p>Staff Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"121\">\n<p>40 \u2013 80 kW<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"88\">\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p>Dryers<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"90\">\n<p>Chemical<\/p>\n<p>industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"153\">\n<p>Staff Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"121\">\n<p>1.8 \u2013 5.0 kW<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"88\">\n<p><strong>Operational Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p>Humidity and<\/p>\n<p>temperature control units<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"90\">\n<p>Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"153\">\n<p>Staff Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"121\">\n<p>0.21 \u2013 0.25 kW<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"88\">\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p>Stills<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"90\">\n<p>Chemical<\/p>\n<p>industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"153\">\n<p>Staff Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"121\">\n<p>2.8 MW<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"88\">\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p>Reactors for<\/p>\n<p>distillation<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"90\">\n<p>Chemical<\/p>\n<p>industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"153\">\n<p>Staff Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"121\">\n<p>91 GW<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"88\">\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p>Fluid beds and<\/p>\n<p>blenders<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"90\">\n<p>Chemical<\/p>\n<p>industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"153\">\n<p>Staff Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"121\">\n<p>1.44 \u2013 2.98 W<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"88\">\n<p><strong>Operational Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p>Water heating<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"90\">\n<p>Chemical industry\/All Manufacturing<\/p>\n<p>Industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"153\">\n<p>Staff Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"121\">\n<p>35 \u2013 70 kW<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"88\">\n<p><strong>Operational Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p>Ventilation<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"90\">\n<p>Chemical industry\/All Manufacturing<\/p>\n<p>Industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"153\">\n<p>Staff Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"121\">\n<p>7.5 \u2013 375 kW<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"88\">\n<p><strong>Operational Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p>Refrigeration<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"90\">\n<p>Chemical industry\/All Manufacturing<\/p>\n<p>Industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"153\">\n<p>Staff Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"121\">\n<p>72 \u2013 266 kW<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"88\">\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p>Reactors for<\/p>\n<p>distillation<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"90\">\n<p>Chemical<\/p>\n<p>industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"153\">\n<p>Staff Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"121\">\n<p>91 GW<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"88\">\n<p><strong>Operational Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p>Water heating<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p>fuels<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"90\">\n<p>Chemical industry\/All Manufacturing<\/p>\n<p>Industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"153\">\n<p>Staff Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"121\">\n<p>35 \u2013 70 kW<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"88\">\n<p><strong>Operational Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p>Evaporators<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p>fuels<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"90\">\n<p>Chemical industry\/All Manufacturing<\/p>\n<p>Industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"153\">\n<p>Staff Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"121\">\n<p>40 \u2013 80 kW<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"88\">\n<p><strong>Operational Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p>Chemical reactors<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p>fuels<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"90\">\n<p>Chemical industry\/All Manufacturing<\/p>\n<p>Industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"153\">\n<p>Staff Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"121\">\n<p>91 GW<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"88\">\n<p><strong>Operational Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p>Cracking<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p>fuels<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"90\">\n<p>Chemical industry\/All Manufacturing<\/p>\n<p>Industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"153\">\n<p>Staff Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"121\">\n<p>3 \u2013 18 GJ\/ton<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"88\">\n<p><strong>Operational Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p>Rotary dryers<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p>fuels<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"90\">\n<p>Chemical industry\/All Manufacturing<\/p>\n<p>Industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"153\">\n<p>Staff Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"121\">\n<p>7.88 \u2013 15.08 GJ\/ton<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"88\">\n<p><strong>Operational Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"126\">\n<p>Rotary kilns<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"63\">\n<p>fuels<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"90\">\n<p>Chemical industry\/All Manufacturing<\/p>\n<p>Industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"153\">\n<p>Staff Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"121\">\n<p>4 \u2013 5 GJ\/ton<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t <\/div>\n<div id=\"m4\"> \t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2041\" class=\"elementor elementor-2041\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f79c3e5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"f79c3e5\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a647112\" data-id=\"a647112\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c59318d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c59318d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>The current chapter is addressing the subtasks related to the improvement suggestions and guidelines to reduce the energy footprint of targeted SMEs. The results of the desk research conducted in previous subtasks to create a methodological framework for energy footprint management are updated, enriched, and focused on the specific sectors agreed upon by all the project partners, i.e., the construction sector, metal and chemical manufacturing, and food and beverage production. In the next sections, some improvement measures, and guidelines for energy footprint reduction of SMEs are presented. The proposed measures could be simple and cheap (or even free of charge) or more complex and costlier, whereas they could refer to different sections or aspects of the enterprise operation.<\/em><\/p><h2>4.1. Improvement suggestions and guidelines to reduce energy footprint targeted to office buildings<\/h2><p>There may be significant energy-saving potential for enterprises in the buildings they occupy. Making small improvements can also be a useful means to build awareness and involve employees in energy savings. Many small and midsize office buildings could benefit from energy-saving solutions that cost little or nothing at all. It is estimated that companies promoting informative and active events to encourage behavioral change in the office could benefit from about 2% to 10% energy savings.<\/p><ul><li>Measures related to office equipment<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>It has been estimated that computers contribute around 20% of overall electricity consumption in office buildings. There are some simple and low-cost or even free measures to manage computers<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>more efficiently in order to reduce their overall energy consumption. Specifically, they must be switched off when they are not in use, including over weekends, whilst the users should be sure that their power management settings are enabled on all computers and monitors. These settings force the devices to enter in sleep mode after a specific period of inactivity. Effective power management settings could reduce a computer\u2019s electricity consumption roughly in half [54]. Similarly, office equipment and appliances like printers, fax machines, coffee makers, and microwave ovens in common rooms have significant power consumption. Many of these appliances draw phantom power when they are not used or when they are in standby mode. These devices often have energy- reduction settings that can yield substantial savings. These appliances could also be connected to timers to reduce their energy use.<\/p><p>Similarly, drinkable water fountains and coolers do not usually need to provide cold water 24 hours a day unless it is required for health reasons. The cooling systems of the majority of drinking fountains and water coolers could be switched off. It is estimated that the average office water cooler consumes about 800 kWh per year, and much of this energy is from standby mode. The installation and set of a timer so that the cooler operates only when needed is suggested. Likewise, refrigerated vending machines typically run 24-7, using 2,500 to 4,400 kWh per year and adding to cooling loads in the spaces they occupy. Timers or occupancy sensors connected to vending machines could save energy because they allow the machines to turn on only when a customer is present or when the compressor must run to keep the product at the desired temperature [55].<\/p><ul><li>Measures related to lighting<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Lighting is another relatively simple way to save energy. There are many combinations of energy- saving techniques and technologies for lighting. In general, lighting energy savings arise in the following ways [54], [56], [57]:<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><ul><li>There are sensors and automatic devices that can identify human presence in a room\/space of a building or a facility. Such devices could be deployed to turn on the lights of the corresponding room\/space only when the room\/space is occupied.<\/li><li>There are standards and norms that specify the lighting level in a room\/space according to the activity that is being carried out in the room\/space. In order to achieve energy savings over- lamping should be<\/li><li>All incandescent lightbulbs should be replaced by more energy-efficient LED lighting in order to save<\/li><li>It is often highlighted that company spaces do not exploit to its full potential natural lighting. Designing spaces in such a way so as to use natural light from windows and\/or skylights at its maximum, has almost no cost, mitigating at the same time electricity demand for artificial This is why objects that block windows, e.g., filing cabinets, should be relocated, while the space arrangement should always aim at maximizing the use of natural light, e.g., working desks should be positioned near windows.<ul><li>Measures related to the thermal insulation of buildings<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>There may be significant energy saving potential for enterprises in the buildings they occupy. There are various simple and low cost measures that can enhance the energy efficiency of existing buildings [56], [57]:<\/p><ul><li>Windows present a common source of heat losses in buildings. For that reason, their frames should be regularly checked and maintained in good condition in order to ensure that they can be closed tightly and are draught-proof. Single glazed windows should be replaced with double or, if it is possible, with triple glazed ones. The application of proper shading systems could also prevent building spaces from over-heating.<\/li><li>Like windows, doors could also be tested in order to ensure that they are draught-proof and can be closed The replacement of the existing doors with thicker ones and the implementation<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>of self-closing mechanisms could also help to control the temperature of internal spaces consuming less energy.<\/p><ul><li>Walls and roofs should be regularly checked in order to spot existing gaps or holes which should be repaired\/closed applying appropriate filling materials. Additionally, dedicated audits could be carried out in order to explore the potential of reducing thermal losses through the application of proper thermal insulation.<ul><li>Measures related to heating and cooling<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Improving and\/or modifying HVAC systems could contribute significantly to achieving energy efficiency in office buildings of SMEs. Some simple and practical measures that ensure good and efficient operating conditions of HVAC systems include [56], [57]:<\/p><ul><li>Appropriate control systems that regulate room temperature should be Office temperature, for instance, during winter months (heating operation) is recommended to be set to 19\u00b0C. Obviously, it could be set lower than 19\u00b0C in corridors, storerooms and areas of higher physical activity. In the summer (cooling operation) the corresponding air temperature is recommended not be lower than 24\u00b0C. Regarding cooling temperatures, there is an empirical rule according to which an increase of the set cooling air temperature by 1\u00b0C will result to an increase of energy consumption of the order of 3% by the chiller.<\/li><li>Cooling systems release\/reject heat to the environment, namely to ambient air. It is evident, therefore, that in order cooling systems to operate efficiently, they should have good and unobstructed access to ambient Thus, the positioning of cooling units with respect to existing furniture, equipment and\/or machinery is very important. Space restrictions and\/or poor engineering judgment might result in positioning cooling units close to hot air exhausts or in a way that they have restricted ambient air flow, inevitably lowering the overall efficiency of the system. Facility space arrangement should cater for cooling systems to have unobstructed access to the coolest possible ambient air.<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h2>\u00a0<\/h2><h2>4.2. Improvement suggestions and guidelines to reduce energy footprint targeted to food and beverage manufacturing<\/h2><ul><li>Measures related to operational processes and maintenance<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Simple processes can be instilled and implemented within an organization to address operational and maintenance matters, such as the following measures [58], [60]:<\/p><ul><li>Maintenance activities should be carried out by specialized and experienced technical There should be sufficient time to complete the relevant maintenance work according to relevant quality standards. Following a maintenance routine and a mid-term schedule is of outmost importance. In the case of replacement activities, the spare parts to be used should be the most modern and efficient ones.<\/li><li>In the case of recurring plant failures, it should be ensured that the root causes are identified. For this purpose, experiments and tests should be conducted and everyone must contribute to uncover It is very important to ensure that any root cause should be addressed effectively without causing another failure elsewhere in the facility.<\/li><li>During the installation of new equipment or machinery, it must be ensured that all the relevant parts and components are installed properly following the guidelines of the manual(s) provided by the manufacturer. Additionally, the actual installation should be reviewed carefully before handover in order to ensure that it is as per design.<\/li><li>Regarding equipment size, it should be ensured that equipment specifications meet the operational requirements and match the actual demand without excess<\/li><li>Regarding equipment operation, it should be verified that the relevant machinery can be turned off easily and safely when it is not being used. Facility and equipment safety rules should be strictly There should be safety valves and appropriate protective devices that<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>\u2018guarantee\u2019 the safety of the facility and the installed machinery. The ability also to restart facility\u2019s operation at short notice is very important for achieving improved energy efficiency.<\/p><ul><li>If there is a variety of available machines one should choose to use the ones that exhibit the highest It is evident, therefore, that production managers supervisors, and\/or staff should be aware and have good knowledge of the minimum, normal and maximum operating conditions of all the available equipment.<\/li><li>Production processes should be designed in such a way so as to minimize idle time of Also, there should be an effort to stop machines\u2019 operation as soon as possible and start them as late as possible. Production processes should be carefully monitored and reviewed aiming at identifying potential for efficiency improvement.<\/li><li>It should be ensured that all thermal and electrical insulation is in good condition minimizing heat losses and eliminating electricity leakages.<ul><li>Measures related to motors systems<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>According to the U.S. Department of Energy, motor systems are the biggest energy consumers for manufacturing industries, consuming roughly 75% of all electricity in the U.S. industrial sector. As a result, motors should be a key area of focus within any energy footprint management program.<\/p><p>Fortunately, today\u2019s advanced motor management solutions can reduce significantly the overall energy demand. For instance, power optimization tools, such as variable frequency drives, energy- efficient motors, gears, motor controllers, and relevant software could deliver immediate and measurable savings [60].<\/p><p>Many industrial applications, like fans, pumps, compressors, and conveyor belts are mainly operate at partial loads. However, these devices use traditional (mechanical) control methods like valves, brakes, and throttles for speed control. In this case, motors provide more work than the requires, and as a consequence significant energy amount is lost due to the mechanical speed control. Variable speed drives (VSDs) offer a more efficient way for applications operating at partial loads because<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>they can directly control the speed and torque of the electric motor. Thus, the required mechanical speed control is eliminated, and the use of oversized motors is avoided. The application of motor direct control allows to match the provided and the actual process demand, enabling the equipment to operate more efficiently and at a range of different speeds. As a result, the implementation of VSDs can significantly improve energy footprint throughout whole production chains [62].<\/p><p>Specifically, high-horsepower, centrifugal loads can achieve significant energy savings with the highest reduction in energy consumption resulting from just lowering speed or flow by 20%. If a small reduction in the flow does not impact the manufacturing process and the plant can use half as much energy doing so, then users can achieve high cost savings. In any manufacturing process that requires less than 100% of the designed speed, manufacturers should consider implementing variable frequency drives. In this case, the proper application of VSDs would significantly reduce energy costs, whilst they could help remove the need for valves, increase pump seal life, reduce power surge during start-up, and contribute to more flexible operation [60].<\/p><ul><li>Measures related to refrigeration<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>There are several easy measures for minimizing refrigeration energy use [63]:<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><ul><li>Overstocking should be avoided, while air grills should remain unobstructed<\/li><li>Products must not be allowed to warm up during the transfer<\/li><li>Lighting and anti-condensation devices should be switched off when it is not required<\/li><li>Thermostat and defrost should be set to match the required conditions<\/li><li>Heat gain from other equipment and sunlight should be reduced<\/li><\/ul><p>Additionally, many refrigeration units would benefit from improved insulation. It has to be ensured that coolant pipes and potential areas of heat gain are well insulated. Insulation panels for walls, ceilings, and doors should have an R-value of at least 4.5, which corresponds to 140 mm of rigid foam insulation. For freezer rooms, panels should be at least R6 (175 mm thick). Transparent<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>windows and doors should be double-glazed in cool rooms and triple-glazed in freezers, with heat- reflective external treatments.<\/p><p>If the refrigeration system is more than 10 years old, its replacement should be considered. The installation of an efficient new system could save up to 30% in their energy consumption. In the case of the system\u2019s replacement, the layout and planning of the installed systems should be according to the following guidelines [63]:<\/p><ul><li>Avoid excessive pipe lengths and uninsulated pipework<\/li><li>Reduce the time that the personnel needs to be in cool areas<\/li><li>Ensure that cooling equipment is not installed near to heat sources<\/li><li>Optimize lighting by using LED and occupancy sensors where it is possible<\/li><li>Arrange the evaporator so cold air does not blow straight out the door<\/li><li>Locate condensers and heat exchangers in a way that there is good airflow and heat can be discharged<\/li><li>Optimize routing of suction lines to avoid pressure drop, liquid retention, or unstable flow<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Measures related to other production processes<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>There are several different processes used in food and beverage production with energy footprint reduction potential.<\/p><p>Some options that could be implemented to improve the efficiency of boiler systems include [64]:<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><ul><li>Insulating boiler valves<\/li><li>Installing steam and condensate return pipes and storage units<\/li><li>Pre-heating entry water from excess heat or solar powered hot water systems<\/li><li>Selecting boilers that can modulate their output<\/li><li>Implementing efficient sequencing controls if multiple boilers are in use<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Ovens are also energy-intensive devices used in food manufacturing. Many commercial ovens are poorly insulated or have metal joints forming a thermal bridge for heat loss. By increasing oven insulation to an R-value of at least 2.5 and reducing thermal bridging, radiated heat can be reduced by up to 75%.<\/p><p>Regarding the drying processes, traditional food drying techniques include spray drying, hot air drying, and freeze drying. These all require large amounts of energy and other inputs such as gases. Some options to improve efficiency in the drying process are:<\/p><ul><li>Low-temperature evaporation<\/li><li>Waste heat recovery and heat exchangers<\/li><li>Purpose-built efficient heat pump dryers and dehumidifiers<\/li><li>Solar and microwave-assisted drying<\/li><\/ul><p>These improvements can sometimes be combined with older methods to create a more efficient hybrid process.<\/p><ul><li>Measures related to process design and energy supply<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>The highest energy savings come from a step change either in process design, energy supply, or both. This is the costliest and carries the highest business risks compared to other measures. These changes could be the implementation of combined heat and power plants, the refitting of the production line with a new process technology, the application of dynamic simulation and predictive controls, and the extension of the energy or waste heat into a district heating or cooling network.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><em>Combined heat and power<\/em><\/p><p><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p><p>Conventional (thermo-electric) power generation technologies, exhibit relatively low fuel-to-power efficiencies, simply because considerable amounts of high-temperature heat are lost to the<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>environment through the stack. This is the reason why common conventional (thermal) engines exhibit energy efficiency rates which do not normally exceed 38% &#8211; 40%. Specifically, energy efficiency rates for reciprocating engines are in the range of 28% &#8211; 38%. Energy efficiency rates of small gas turbines (nominal power up to 5 MW) vary between 20% to 25%, whilst the corresponding efficiency figures for bigger gas turbines (nominal power between 5 MW and 500 MW) are in the range of 25% to 35%. Modern gas turbine power plants with a nominal power higher than 500 MW might reach efficiency rates close to 50%. CHP technology captures and utilizes the thermal energy (heat) which is released (lost) to the environment. The captured thermal energy can be used to produce steam, which in turn can drive a steam turbine to generate electricity. At a smaller scale, CHP systems, industrial gas turbines or reciprocating engines fuelled by gas or oil are employed. Apart from electricity generation, the captured heat can be used in other thermal processes such as steam generation or water heating. Typically, the overall efficiency of CHP plants is much higher than the one exhibited by conventional power plants, namely of the order of 75% \u2013 85% [58].<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><em>Heat recovery<\/em><\/p><p><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p><p>It is estimated that 20-50% of industrial energy input is lost as waste heat in the form of hot exhaust gases, cooling water, or heat loss from equipment surfaces and heated items. Any industrial process which uses heat can reduce energy use by using heat exchangers to transfer the heat somewhere else to where it is useful in another process. The most common use of recovered heat is to preheat inputs to heat chambers. Heat may either be reused within the same or a different process or sometimes by a neighbouring industrial facility. Numerous technologies are commercially available for waste heat recovery. For it to be successful, an accessible source of waste heat, the correct recovery technology, and the use of the recovered energy need to be present. Facilities may need specialist help in identifying these and in evaluating the feasibility of waste heat recovery [58].<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><em>Waste heat to power<\/em><\/p><p><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p><p>Where energy-intensive heat sources must be used, efficient heat recovery (including the latent heat of water vapour) is critical. Steam traps and boiler blow-down recovery save water and boiler heating requirements. The returned condensate is much hotter than feedwater and may not require treatment. While there is a large upfront cost, heat recovery measures often repay the investment in under 3 years [64].<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><em>Renewable energy and storage<\/em><\/p><p><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p><p>Many businesses in the food and beverage sector have installed on-site rooftop solar PV systems. As a greater proportion of plant processes are electrified, loads can be matched with periods of high solar generation. As loads increase, PV systems can be expanded accordingly. Solar water heating can also be used as an alternative for heating or pre-heating. This allows water to be heated well above 80\u02daC. Onsite battery storage may also be worth considering as prices decline. Batteries enable greater onsite use of solar PV throughout the day and provide a backup option in the event of grid failure. Energy can also be stored thermally in water, phase change materials (PCM), or in the bulk mass of food products in refrigeration [64].<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><em>Food waste-to-energy plant<\/em><\/p><p><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p><p>Most food waste has the potential for reuse as an energy source. Organic waste can be used in the generation of renewable energy through anaerobic digesters. Anaerobic digestion occurs when microorganisms break down organic material in the absence of oxygen, producing biogas (methane) and a rich fertilizer. When this biogas is captured, it can reduce methane emissions from manure decomposition by up to 95%. Anaerobic digestion and biogas recovery are best suited to large food processing plants with high-strength wastewater, such as dairy processing plants or breweries [64].<\/p><p><span style=\"color: var(--ast-global-color-2); font-size: 2rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 600; background-color: var( --e-global-color-c696dce );\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: var(--ast-global-color-2); font-size: 2rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: 600; background-color: var( --e-global-color-c696dce );\">4.3. Improvement suggestions and guidelines to reduce energy footprint targeted to metal and chemical manufacturing<\/span><\/p><ul><li>Measures related to operational processes and maintenance<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Simple processes can be instilled and implemented within an organization to address operational and maintenance matters, such as the following measures [58], [60] :<\/p><ul><li>Maintenance activities should be carried out by specialized and experienced technical There should be sufficient time to complete the relevant maintenance work according to relevant quality standards. Following a maintenance routine and a mid-term schedule is of outmost importance. In the case of replacement activities, the spare parts to be used should be the most modern and efficient ones.<\/li><li>In the case of recurring plant failures, it should be ensured that the root causes are identified. For this purpose, experiments and tests should be conducted and everyone must contribute to uncover It is very important to ensure that any root cause should be addressed effectively without causing another failure elsewhere in the facility.<\/li><li>During the installation of new equipment or machinery, it must be ensured that all the relevant parts and components are installed properly following the guidelines of the manual(s) provided by the manufacturer. Additionally, the actual installation should be reviewed carefully before handover in order to ensure that it is as per design.<\/li><li>Regarding equipment size, it should be ensured that equipment specifications meet the operational requirements and match the actual demand without excess<\/li><li>Regarding equipment operation, it should be verified that the relevant machinery can be turned off easily and safely when it is not being used. Facility and equipment safety rules should be strictly There should be safety valves and appropriate protective devices that \u2018guarantee\u2019 the safety of the facility and the installed machinery. The ability also to restart facility\u2019s operation at short notice is very important for achieving improved energy efficiency.<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><ul><li>If there is a variety of available machines one should choose to use the ones that exhibit the highest It is evident, therefore, that production managers supervisors, and\/or staff should be aware and have good knowledge of the minimum, normal and maximum operating conditions of all the available equipment.<\/li><li>Production processes should be designed in such a way so as to minimize idle time of Also, there should be an effort to stop machines\u2019 operation as soon as possible and start them as late as possible. Production processes should be carefully monitored and reviewed aiming at identifying potential for efficiency improvement.<\/li><li>It should be ensured that all thermal and electrical insulation is in good condition minimizing heat losses and eliminating electricity leakages.<ul><li>Measures related to motors systems<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>According to the U.S. Department of Energy, motor systems are the biggest energy consumers for manufacturing industries, consuming roughly 75% of all electricity in the U.S. industrial sector. As a result, motors should be a key area of focus within any energy footprint management program.<\/p><p>Fortunately, today\u2019s advanced motor management solutions can reduce significantly the overall energy demand. For instance, power optimization tools, such as variable frequency drives, energy- efficient motors, gears, motor controllers, and relevant software could deliver immediate and measurable savings [61].<\/p><p>Many industrial applications, like fans, pumps, compressors, and conveyor belts are mainly operate at partial loads. However, these devices use traditional (mechanical) control methods like valves, brakes, and throttles for speed control. In this case, motors provide more work than the requires, and as a consequence significant energy amount is lost due to the mechanical speed control. Variable speed drives (VSDs) offer a more efficient way for applications operating at partial loads because they can directly control the speed and torque of the electric motor. Thus, the required mechanical speed control is eliminated, and the use of oversized motors is avoided. The application of motor<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>direct control allows to match the provided and the actual process demand, enabling the equipment to operate more efficiently and at a range of different speeds. As a result, the implementation of VSDs can significantly improve energy footprint throughout whole production chains [62].<\/p><p>Specifically, high-horsepower, centrifugal loads can achieve significant energy savings with the highest reduction in energy consumption resulting from just lowering speed or flow by 20%. If a small reduction in the flow does not impact the manufacturing process and the plant can use half as much energy doing so, then users can achieve high cost savings. In any manufacturing process that requires less than 100% of the designed speed, manufacturers should consider implementing variable frequency drives. In this case, the proper application of VSDs would significantly reduce energy costs, whilst they could help remove the need for valves, increase pump seal life, reduce power surge during start-up, and contribute to more flexible operation [61].<\/p><ul><li>Measures related to operating temperatures and pressures<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>The percentage yield and rate of chemical reactions are highly dependent on temperature and pressure. Energy savings would be achieved by reviewing optimal temperatures and pressures for specific chemical processes. Ongoing innovations in catalysts can lower the activation energy barrier for chemical reactions. This reduces the temperatures and pressures required [55].<\/p><p>In this context, it has to be ensured that chemical distillation is being carried out under the optimal conditions and that products are not being over-purified. To do this, the following guidelines could be followed [55]:<\/p><ul><li>Decrease processing temperature<\/li><li>Optimise cooling temperature<\/li><li>Set thermostats to the appropriate temperature<\/li><\/ul><p>Specifically, a decrease of 1\u00baC in average space temperature could reduce fuel consumption by almost 8%. Attention should be given to the storage of polymer granules at low temperatures.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Condensation could form when the granules are moved into a warmer factory space. This can result in greater drying requirements before processing.<\/p><p>Regarding the pressure of the equipment, it should be monitored and adjusted. For example, a boiler feedwater pump may produce higher pressure than it is required to supply water to the boiler.<\/p><p>Slowing the pump down is a no capital investment and would reduce steam use while still having adequate supply pressure for boiler feedwater.<\/p><ul><li>Measures related to steam generation and distillation<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>One of the most common processes in industrial chemical plants is distillation to separate chemical mixtures. This requires large quantities of steam to be generated. The production and distribution of steam can cause substantial heat loss, requiring more energy to maintain boiler temperatures. Most of the external energy and heat loss in distillation units occurs in condensers which are usually cooled by water or air. Inefficient distillation and steam generation systems can also increase air- conditioning cooling loads. Boiler systems should have effective steam traps and condensate return. This can save water and help conserve the heat of the water in the boiler because the returned condensate is hotter than the feedwater and as a result no additional treatment is required [55].<\/p><p>Additionally, the heat losses could be further minimized by [55]:<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><ul><li>The thermal insulation of boiler valves, pipes, taps, and storage units<\/li><li>The replacement of defective steam traps<\/li><li>Use other process streams to cool the condensers<\/li><li>The application of waste to heat technologies for steam production<\/li><li>The use of alternative separation technologies such as reactive distillation and membrane<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><ul><li>Measures related to process design and energy supply<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>The highest energy efficiency improvements could be achieved through extensive changes related to process design and\/or energy supply. Compared to simpler measures, extensive changes are always associated with high (investment) cost and the corresponding high business\/financial risk. Such changes might include the implementation of appropriate CHP plants, the redesign of production lines and\/or procedures, the application of sophisticated prediction, simulation and control techniques, and the connection of the facility to the local heating or cooling network to channel waste energy or heat.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><em>Combined heat and power<\/em><\/p><p><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p><p>Conventional (thermo-electric) power generation technologies, exhibit relatively low fuel-to-power efficiencies, simply because considerable amounts of high-temperature heat are lost to the environment through the stack. This is the reason why common conventional (thermal) engines exhibit energy efficiency rates which do not normally exceed 38% &#8211; 40%. Specifically, energy efficiency rates for reciprocating engines are in the range of 28% &#8211; 38%. Energy efficiency rates of small gas turbines (nominal power up to 5 MW) vary between 20% to 25%, whilst the corresponding efficiency figures for bigger gas turbines (nominal power between 5 MW and 500 MW) are in the range of 25% to 35%. Modern gas turbine power plants with a nominal power higher than 500 MW might reach efficiency rates close to 50%. CHP technology captures and utilizes the thermal energy (heat) which is released (lost) to the environment. The captured thermal energy can be used to produce steam, which in turn can drive a steam turbine to generate electricity. At a smaller scale, CHP systems, industrial gas turbines or reciprocating engines fuelled by gas or oil are employed. Apart from electricity generation, the captured heat can be used in other thermal processes such as steam generation or water heating. Typically, the overall efficiency of CHP plants is much higher than the one exhibited by conventional power plants, namely of the order of 75% \u2013 85% [58].<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><em>Heat recovery<\/em><\/p><p><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p><p>It is estimated that waste heat represents about 20% \u2013 50% of the overall industrial energy consumption. This is because waste heat can be generated in several forms within an industrial SME, e.g., as hot exhaust gases, cooling water, or heat loss from equipment surfaces and heated components. All thermal industrial processes may reduce their heat demand by utilizing part of these heat losses, appropriately termed as recovered (waste) heat, employing heat (recovery) exchangers. The captured heat is commonly used to preheat the inputs to heat chambers reducing the overall energy demand of the relevant process. Recovered heat may be used by a neighbouring industrial facility. Currently, there are various heat recovery technologies available that can be implemented in industrial plants. In order this technological option to be successful, there should be an easily accessible source of waste heat and a relevant industrial or commercial heat demand to be satisfied, as well as the appropriate recovery technology. SMEs that intend to implement waste heat recovery technologies, should carry out special audits by appropriate staff and\/or advisors in order to determine the requirements of their industrial facility and evaluate the technoeconomic feasibility of this solution [58], [66].<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><em>Waste heat to power<\/em><\/p><p><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p><p>The temperatures involved in production processes of certain industrial sectors might be above 1,000\u00b0C. Typical examples of such industrial sectors are steel and cement industries. Their corresponding waste heat generated is associated with temperatures reaching 750\u00b0C. In some other processes, such as CHP plants and boilers, waste heat might be available at considerably lower temperatures ranging between 160\u00b0C and 180\u00b0C. The generated waste heat can be converted to power, following the approach that is commonly known as Waste Heat to Power (WHP) technology. Different WHP technologies can be implemented depending on the temperature of the available waste<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>heat. Waste heat available at high temperatures, for instance, is appropriate for the preparation of steam which may be used for electricity generation employing a steam turbine. On the other hand, waste heat available at relatively lower temperatures may be also used to generate electricity with a technology quite similar to the one of steam turbines. In this latter case, however, the working fluids to be used, should have a boiling point much lower than that of water. It is evident, therefore, that industrial SMEs that generate high temperature waste heat should certainly investigate WHP options in their effort to enhance their energy efficiency and reduce their energy footprint [58].<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><em>Renewable energy<\/em><\/p><p><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p><p>Solar water heating could save energy by preheating boiler feedwater in steam boilers for a wide range of chemical and plastic manufacturing operations. The boiler feed can be heated in solar panels up to 80\u00baC before going to the boiler. Larger combined solar thermal generators would concentrate enough energy to produce steam and electricity [55].<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h2>\u00a0<\/h2><h2>4.4.\u00a0\u00a0 Guidelines to reduce energy footprint targeted to construction<\/h2><p>Energy used in the construction sector includes large volumes of diesel for machinery operation as well as electricity for powering buildings and tools, presenting many opportunities to save on energy. The energy-efficient design and construction practices could lead to various benefits [57]. The measures that construction SMEs could implement to improve their energy footprint are given in the following sections.<\/p><ul><li>Measures related to diesel machinery and vehicles<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Because of diesel&#8217;s superior combination of power density, performance, and reliability, it is currently the preferred fuel in the construction sector, with a share of more than 75% of all heavy construction equipment. At the same time, newer diesel machines offer higher efficiency compared<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>to equipment older than 15 years and advanced emissions control technology. Additionally, ensuring machinery is well maintained greatly assists in reducing fuel consumption. For instance, filters are low-cost items that could be regularly replaced in order to maximize efficiency.<\/p><p>Regarding the construction sites, connecting them to the grid earlier could also help minimize diesel use by mitigating the need for powered generators.<\/p><ul><li>Measures related to project planning<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>On average, equipment on construction sites is idle around 25% of the time, while construction trucks are idle up to 50% of the time. Engine idling can be a significant operating cost due to the unnecessary fuel consumption and the increased maintenance requirements. The implementation of effective project planning and logistics could help reduce idling time. In this context, installing automatic engine shutdown devices and offering fuel-efficiency training for drivers and operators are some measures that would easily be implemented [57].<\/p><ul><li>Measures related to accommodation<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>The use of onsite cabins represents one of the biggest opportunities to reduce energy-related costs. Energy demand for accommodation could be reduced by almost 50% with better shading, insulation, lighting, and appliances. Additionally, onsite solar PV could then be used to meet or offset the remaining energy demand, minimizing the onsite diesel-powered generators and reducing carbon emissions [57].<\/p><p>Another strategy that could be followed to reduce energy footprint is the use of prefabricating components for a construction project. Offsite construction typically takes place in specialized, semi-automated environments designed for waste minimization and increased productivity. The prefabrication strategies could also lead to better quality construction which helps reduce downstream energy use and emissions [57].<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><ul><li>Measures related to the use of renewable energy and biodiesel<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Many diesel-powered construction machines could run on biodiesel blends of up to 20%. Biodiesel does not cost more than ordinary diesel but would substantially reduce CO2 emissions. Although, advanced forms of biodiesel are also emerging. The so-called renewable diesel fuels are similar in their chemical constitution to conventional diesel and therefore no blending is necessary.<\/p><p>Remarkably, the use of 100% renewable diesel could reduce lifecycle CO2 emissions by almost 50% [57].<\/p><p>When connecting to the grid is unfeasible or the required electric loads are not very large, a temporary solar panel installation might be able to provide the needed power. Solar panel installations are environmentally friendly and suitable to reduce carbon emissions and lower fossil fuel consumption. Once the solar panels are in place, they can be used to charge certain power tools and operate machinery. However, solar panel installations do not work properly if the construction company primarily works at night or if more power is needed than the solar panels are capable to produce [58].<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t <\/div>\n<div id=\"m5\"> \t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2049\" class=\"elementor elementor-2049\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b975a59 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"b975a59\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-492d821\" data-id=\"492d821\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-961e496 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"961e496\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The current chapter is addressing the definitions of the factors to consider when selecting suggestions and guidelines to reduce the energy footprint of targeted SMEs. Next, the main factors to consider when selecting measures to improve the energy footprint in SMEs are discussed.<\/p>\n<h2><br><\/h2><h2>5.1. Owner\/Manager Influence<\/h2>\n<p>According to [66], commitment from senior managers to environmental management is a prerequisite for providing an organisation with a clear direction in this area. Specifically, in large companies, the decision-making power is usually evenly distributed amongst managers in different departments,<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>therefore several people are involved in decision-making processes. This means there is a greater possibility that environmental issues for consideration will be raised by at least one person. Regarding SMEs, on the other hand, one owner\/manager usually controls the most strategic decisions; therefore, the background, values, and education of just this one person will have a significant impact on the strategic direction of the organisation. The owner\/manager of an SME thus has a significant influence on the adoption of environmental management in the organisation. Some owners\/managers perceive environmental issues and actions as a threat and associate them with increased financial costs and other negative consequences. They may also have a lack of knowledge of environmental issues and the advantages associated with the implementation of environmental management. Also, often managers hesitate to invest in environmental practices that may have a longer payback period. For this reason, SMEs may not consider complex environmental management practices, such as Lice Cycle Management (LCM). On the other hand, given the influence of the owner\/manager in SMEs, a positive attitude towards green and sustainable practices could result in the strategic decision to implement and integrate such approaches into the organisation. It has been argued that mainly due to the hierarchy and decision-making characteristics of SMEs, these companies may be in a better position than larger organisations to apply innovative, green, and sustainable practices.<\/p>\n<h2><br><\/h2><h2>5.2. Environmental Culture<\/h2>\n<p>If the culture of a company is not based on beliefs, values, norms and perceptions that support environmental initiatives, then this will hinder the uptake of environmental management practices. This is closely related to the characteristic \u201cknowledge of environmental issues\u201d since people in organisations, corporates, supply chains and relevant stakeholders need to be aware of the relevance of environmental topics in order to foster a culture that supports the uptake of environmental and sustainable practices. Additionally, it is related to the \u201cowner\/manager influence\u201d characteristic as the support of senior managers could significantly encourage the development of environmental culture in the organisation.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2><br><\/h2><h2>5.3. Resource Availability<\/h2>\n<p>SMEs often have limited access to financial, technical and human resources. The most critical barrier to any new action or practice for an SME is the relevant costs [67]. However, it is highlighted that cost reductions might be realised by environmental initiatives focused on improved resource efficiency, reduced need for pollution control equipment, and\/or reduced hazardous waste disposal. Nowadays, reduced energy and resource consumption is strongly associated with an improved brand reputation [68]. This could lead to a sales increase and higher profits for the companies. However, there may be a perception that the costs related to the application of environmental practices, environmental management training, and the purchase of relevant software, tools and services, cannot be outweighed by the resulting benefits. Consequently, investments with significant short-term financial benefits for SMEs are most likely to be considered. Regarding environmental management, the cost barrier is also closely related to the availability of technical resources that are necessary in order to achieve energy footprint improvements.<\/p>\n<h2><br><\/h2><h2>5.4. Payback period of energy footprint improvements<\/h2>\n<p>As mentioned above, strategic investments for energy footprint management with long-term payback periods are usually not considered by SMEs. This is closely related to the fact that SMEs usually pursue short-term rather than long-term goals due to the special characteristics and liquidity difficulties that they face. However, large enterprises implement medium- and long-term strategic plans, considering the potential trends and future changes in their decision processes. As a result, they can address energy footprint management earlier than SMEs. It is highlighted that SMEs might be less proactive in the adoption of voluntary programmes for improving their environmental performance due to their organisational habits that are hard to break. In this context, support schemes for SMEs were established, including, if they have entered into voluntary agreements, to cover the costs of an energy audit and the implementation of cost-effective recommendations made in the following energy audits [67].<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2><br><\/h2><h2>5.5. Knowledge about environmental issues<\/h2>\n<p>Regarding SMEs, the limited awareness\/knowledge of environmental issues\/problems might lead to a limited commitment to the implementation of environmental management practices. One of the main barriers to SMEs in the adaption of energy footprint reduction practices are the scarcity of information and the lack of understanding about environmental problems and the relevant legislation [66]. Additionally, the insufficient information regarding the real costs and the potential benefits of environmental practices are a key barrier to the energy footprint improvement of enterprises. It is often believed, especially by SME owners\/managers, that national and\/or local governments and larger companies should take a lead on the mitigation of environmental problems. They also think that the environmental impacts of their own business are negligible compared to the impacts of large companies, though SMEs are smaller than large companies, Consequently, the decision-makers in SMEs tend to ignore the environmental impacts associated with their companies\u2019 activities and they do not consider that they have to act to control and reduce their environmental impacts, too.<\/p>\n<h2><br><\/h2><h2>5.6.&nbsp;&nbsp; Market Requirements<\/h2>\n<p>The market requirements differ significantly between economic sectors, countries, and regions. Specifically, in some markets, the companies are exposed to less market and regulatory pressures towards adopting green and sustainable approaches than others. Market pressures may arise from several stakeholders, such as political movements, environmental groups, local society, supply chain partners and customers. If the organisations providing the product\/service do not align with the stakeholders\u2019 values and expectations regarding sustainability and environmental practices, their stakeholders would have a more negative and\/or skeptical attitude toward them. Regarding regulatory pressures, for instance, the European Union has established several policies related to energy efficiency, green practices and sustainability, which may range from regulations and directives to recommendations and concerted actions [69]. Since these legislative and policy frameworks have come into force, there has been a significant increase in the adoption of environmental practices and energy footprint reduction measures in Europe. Regarding SMEs, environmental legislation is one of the most important reasons why they invest in environmental management practices.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2><br><\/h2><h2>5.7. Geographical Separation of Production and Consumption<\/h2>\n<p>In the past, SMEs used to operate within a specific region, contracting with suppliers and targeting consumers based relatively close to their facilities. Although, things dramatically changed due to globalization. Specifically, not only large companies but also SMEs have partners, suppliers, distributors and customers located all over the world. This leads to a diffused responsibility for the environmental impacts of products. This leads to the diffusion of responsibility for the mitigation of the environmental impacts of the products\/services throughout the supply chain. Although, it is more likely that each individual company in the supply chain will primarily work to improve its own environmental performance rather than communicating and collaborating with supply chain parties around the world on the overall improvement of the environmental footprint of the supply chain.<\/p>\n<h2><br><\/h2><h2>5.8. Supply Chain Management<\/h2>\n<p>Supply chain operation can be a competitive advantage for organizations and businesses, provided that cooperation between supply chain entities is done in such a way that the parties do not simply focus on their individual improvements and opportunities, but think outside their own boundaries, approaching opportunities for improvement more holistically both across the supply chain and between different but cooperating supply chains.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t <\/div>\n<div id=\"m6\"> \t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2052\" class=\"elementor elementor-2052\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0da292b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"0da292b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1bedc2b\" data-id=\"1bedc2b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85460dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"85460dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol>\n<li>Dollet, L. 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Available: http:\/\/www.isabella- blue.com\/pdfs\/Publications\/LBL-43468.pdf.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cElectric Concrete Vibrator Machine, Power: 2-4 kw, Size: Standard at Rs 2190 in \u201d https:\/<a href=\"http:\/\/www.indiamart.com\/proddetail\/electric-concrete-vibrator-machine-\">\/www.indi<\/a>a<a href=\"http:\/\/www.indiamart.com\/proddetail\/electric-concrete-vibrator-machine-\">mart.com\/proddetail\/electric-concrete-vibrator-machine-<\/a> 22648299391.html (accessed Dec. 07, 2022).<\/li>\n<li>\u201cSingle Phase &#8211; Pentax Water Pumps.\u201d https:\/\/www.pentax- it\/pentax\/en\/product\/single-phase\/ (accessed Dec. 07, 2022).<\/li>\n<li>\u201cHow Many Watts Does A Drill Use? &#8211; ToolsOwner.\u201d https:\/\/toolsowner.com\/drill-wattage (accessed 07, 2022).<\/li>\n<li>\u201cBuy Hammer Drill Machine Online in India | Flipkart | 07-Dec-22.\u201d https:\/<a href=\"http:\/\/www.flipkart.com\/home-improvement\/tools-and-measuring-equipment\/power-\">\/www.flipkart.com\/home<\/a>&#8211;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.flipkart.com\/home-improvement\/tools-and-measuring-equipment\/power-\">improvement\/tools-and-measuring-equipment\/power-<\/a> tools\/hammerdrills\/pr?sid=h1m,hww,slm,dkh&amp;marketplace=FLIPKART&amp;otracker=produc t_breadCrumbs_Hammer+Drills (accessed 07, 2022).<\/li>\n<li>\u201cPower Requirements for Circular Saws | Hunker.\u201d https:\/<a href=\"http:\/\/www.hunker.com\/13402910\/power-requirements-for-circular-saws\">\/www.hunker.com\/13402910\/powe<\/a>r<a href=\"http:\/\/www.hunker.com\/13402910\/power-requirements-for-circular-saws\">-requirements-for-circular-saws <\/a>(accessed Dec. 07, 2022).<\/li>\n<li>\u201cSemi-Automatic Mini Batching Plant ( Diesel &amp; Electric) RM 800 at Rs 380000 in Gautam Budh \u201d https:\/\/<a href=\"http:\/\/www.indiamart.com\/proddetail\/mini-batching-plant-diesel-\">www.indiamart.com\/proddetail\/mini-batching-plant-diesel-<\/a>electric-rm-800-24385512591.html?pos=5&amp;pla=n \/\/ https:\/<a href=\"http:\/\/www.indiamart.com\/proddetail\/mobile-batching-plant-rm1400-\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">\/www.indi<\/a><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; background-color: var( --e-global-color-c696dce ); color: var(--ast-global-color-3);\">a<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.indiamart.com\/proddetail\/mobile-batching-plant-rm1400-\" style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">mart.com\/proddetail\/mobile-batching-plant-rm1400-<\/a><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; background-color: var( --e-global-color-c696dce ); color: var(--ast-global-color-3);\"> 27256073948.html?pos=2&amp;pla=n (accessed Dec. 07, 2022).<\/span><\/li><\/ol>\n<ol start=\"44\">\n<li>\u201cFuel Consumption Of Concrete Pump | Important To Save Cost.\u201d https:\/\/lutonmachinery.com\/fuel-consumption-of-concrete-pump\/ (accessed 07, 2022).<\/li>\n<li>\u201cTips for Spec\u2019ing Ready-Mix Trucks| Concrete Construction Magazine.\u201d https:\/<a href=\"http:\/\/www.concreteconstruction.net\/how-to\/concrete-production-precast\/tips-for-specing-\">\/www.concrete<\/a>c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.concreteconstruction.net\/how-to\/concrete-production-precast\/tips-for-specing-\">net\/how-to\/concrete-production-precast\/tips-for-specing-<\/a> ready-mix-trucks_o (accessed Dec. 07, 2022).<\/li>\n<li>\u201cThe owning and operating costs of dump trucks | Equipment World.\u201d https:\/<a href=\"http:\/\/www.equipmentworld.com\/regulations\/equipment\/article\/14948071\/the-owning-\">\/www.equipm<\/a>e<a href=\"http:\/\/www.equipmentworld.com\/regulations\/equipment\/article\/14948071\/the-owning-\">com\/regulations\/equipment\/article\/14948071\/the-owning-<\/a> and-operating-costs-of-dump-trucks (accessed Dec. 07, 2022).<\/li>\n<li>Admiral Craft Equipment Corp., \u201cOpen Well Steam Tables Electric &#8211; Hot Food, \u201d.<\/li>\n<li>\u201c400-600 Watts Freezers &amp; Ice Machines | Overstock.com: Buy Appliances Online.\u201d https:\/<a href=\"http:\/\/www.overstock.com\/Home-Garden\/Freezers-Ice-Machines\/400_-600-\">\/www.overstock.com\/Home<\/a>&#8211;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.overstock.com\/Home-Garden\/Freezers-Ice-Machines\/400_-600-\">Garden\/Freezers-Ice-Machines\/400_-600-<\/a> Watts,\/wattage,\/18562\/subcat.html (accessed Dec. 07, 2022).<\/li>\n<li>\u201cStainless Steel Commercial Kitchen Exhaust System, 1620 Watt at best price in \u201d https:\/<a href=\"http:\/\/www.indiamart.com\/proddetail\/commercial-kitchen-exhaust-system-\">\/www.indi<\/a>a<a href=\"http:\/\/www.indiamart.com\/proddetail\/commercial-kitchen-exhaust-system-\">mart.com\/proddetail\/commercial-kitchen-exhaust-system-<\/a> 19735197697.html (accessed Dec. 07, 2022).<\/li>\n<li>Ladha-Sabur, S. Bakalis, P. J. Fryer, and E. Lopez-Quiroga, \u201cMapping energy consumption in food manufacturing,\u201d <em>Trends Food Sci. Technol.<\/em>, vol. 86, pp. 270\u2013280, Apr. 2019, doi: 10.1016\/J.TIFS.2019.02.034.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cIndustrial Weighing Scale &#8211; Drum Weighing Scale Manufacturer from Chennai.\u201d https:\/<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cibiweigh.com\/industrial-weighing-scale.html\">\/www.cibiweigh.com\/industria<\/a>l<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cibiweigh.com\/industrial-weighing-scale.html\">-weighing-scale.html <\/a>(accessed 07, 2022).<\/li>\n<li>\u201cAutomatic Liquid Filling Machine, Power Consumption (Kw):20 at Rs 45000 in New \u201d https:\/<a href=\"http:\/\/www.indiamart.com\/proddetail\/liquid-filling-machine-18172045491.html\">\/www.indi<\/a>a<a href=\"http:\/\/www.indiamart.com\/proddetail\/liquid-filling-machine-18172045491.html\">mart.com\/proddetail\/liquid-filling-machine-18172045491.html<\/a> (accessed Dec. 07, 2022).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol start=\"53\">\n<li>\u201cReducing Material And Energy Consumption Automatic Label Machine.\u201d https:\/<a href=\"http:\/\/www.alibaba.com\/product-detail\/Reducing-Material-and-Energy-Consumption-\">\/www.alibaba.com\/produ<\/a>c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.alibaba.com\/product-detail\/Reducing-Material-and-Energy-Consumption-\">t-detail\/Reducing-Material-and-Energy-Consumption-<\/a> html (accessed Dec. 07, 2022).<\/li>\n<li>\u201cThe Business Case for Power Management | ENERGY STAR.\u201d https:\/<a href=\"http:\/\/www.energystar.gov\/products\/low_carbon_it_campaign\/business_case\">\/www.energystar.gov\/products\/low_c<\/a>a<a href=\"http:\/\/www.energystar.gov\/products\/low_carbon_it_campaign\/business_case\">rbon_it_campaign\/business_case <\/a>(accessed 22, 2022).<\/li>\n<li>\u201cBusiness Energy Advisor | Small and Midsize Offices.\u201d https:\/\/esource.bizenergyadvisor.com\/article\/small-and-midsize-offices (accessed Nov. 22, 2022).<\/li>\n<li>UK Department of Energy &amp; Climate Change, \u201cSME Guide to Energy Efficiency,\u201d<\/li>\n<li>Fawkes, K. Oung, and D. Thorpe, \u201cBest Practices and Case Studies for Industrial Energy Efficiency Improvement,\u201d Copenhagen, 2016. [Online]. Available: file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/5078\/Downloads\/Best-Practises-for-Industrial-EE_web.pdf.<\/li>\n<li>IPCC, \u201c2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories,\u201d 2006. Accessed: 24, 2022. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.ipcc- nggip.iges.or.jp\/public\/2006gl\/index.html.<\/li>\n<li>Fernandes, C. Nunes, and P. Gomes, \u201cMedidas Transversais de Efici\u00eancia Energ\u00e9tica para a Ind\u00fastria,\u201d 2016.<\/li>\n<li>Allen-Bradley &#8211; Rockwell Automation, \u201cHow a well-planned strategy can help the food &amp; beverage industry more effectively manage its energy-related costs,\u201d 2017.<\/li>\n<li>ABB, \u201cImproving energy efficiency in the food and beverage \u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u201cRefrigeration | energy.gov.au.\u201d https:\/<a href=\"http:\/\/www.energy.gov.au\/business\/equipment-and-\">\/www.ene<\/a>r<a href=\"http:\/\/www.energy.gov.au\/business\/equipment-and-\">gov.au\/business\/equipment-and-<\/a> technology-guides\/refrigeration (accessed Nov. 23, 2022).<\/li>\n<li>\u201cFood and beverage | energy.gov.au.\u201d https:\/<a href=\"http:\/\/www.energy.gov.au\/business\/industry-sector-\">\/www.energy.gov.au\/business\/industry<\/a>&#8211;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.energy.gov.au\/business\/industry-sector-\">sector-<\/a> guides\/manufacturing\/food-and-beverage (accessed Nov. 23, 2022).<\/li>\n<li>\u201cChemicals and plastics | energy.gov.au.\u201d https:\/<a href=\"http:\/\/www.energy.gov.au\/business\/industry-\">\/www.energy.gov.au\/bus<\/a>i<a href=\"http:\/\/www.energy.gov.au\/business\/industry-\">ness\/industry-<\/a> sector-guides\/manufacturing\/chemicals-and-plastics (accessed 23, 2022).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol start=\"65\">\n<li>Jouhara, N. Khordehgah, S. Almahmoud, B. Delpech, A. Chauhan, and S. A. Tassou, \u201cWaste heat recovery technologies and applications,\u201d Therm. Sci. Eng. Prog., vol. 6, no. January, pp. 268\u2013289, 2018, doi: 10.1016\/j.tsep.2018.04.017.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cConstruction | energy.gov.au.\u201d https:\/<a href=\"http:\/\/www.energy.gov.au\/business\/industry-sector-\">\/www.ene<\/a>r<a href=\"http:\/\/www.energy.gov.au\/business\/industry-sector-\">gov.au\/business\/industry-sector-<\/a> guides\/construction (accessed Nov. 24, 2022).<\/li>\n<li>\u201cHow Do Constructions Sites Get Power? The 3 Main Sources of Power.\u201d https:\/<a href=\"http:\/\/www.wpowerproducts.com\/news\/how-construction-sites-get-power\/\">\/www.wpow<\/a>e<a href=\"http:\/\/www.wpowerproducts.com\/news\/how-construction-sites-get-power\/\">com\/news\/how-construction-sites-get-power\/ <\/a>(accessed Nov. 24, 2022).<\/li>\n<li>Trianni A, Cagno E. Dealing with barriers to energy efficiency and SMEs: Some empirical Energy 2012;37:494\u2013504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.ENERGY.2011.11.005.<\/li>\n<li>Grigoras G, Neagu BC. An Advanced Decision Support Platform in Energy Management to Increase Energy Efficiency for Small and Medium Appl Sci 2020, Vol 10, Page 3505 2020;10:3505. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/APP10103505.<\/li>\n<li>Cagno E, Moschetta D, Trianni A. Only non-energy benefits from the adoption of energy efficiency measures? A novel framework. J Clean Prod 2019;212:1319\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JCLEPRO.2018.12.049.<\/li>\n<li>Summaries of EU legislation &#8211; EUR-Lex d. https:\/\/eur- lex.europa.eu\/content\/summaries\/summary-20-expanded-content.html (accessed December 15, 2022).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t <\/div>\n<div id=\"m7\"> \t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2059\" class=\"elementor elementor-2059\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-92b37ce elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default wpr-particle-no wpr-jarallax-no wpr-parallax-no wpr-sticky-section-no\" data-id=\"92b37ce\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dd61009\" data-id=\"dd61009\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a0bf24e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a0bf24e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"652\">\n<p><strong>Activities for Sectors<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"652\">\n<p>Food, Beverage &amp; Tobacco<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"652\">\n<p>Construction SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"652\">\n<p>Chemical and Metal Production<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"652\">\n<p>All SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u2116<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Actvities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Devices<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><strong>Energy source<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p><strong>Target groups<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Profession<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Printer<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>All SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p>Accountant\/administra tion<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><strong>2<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><strong>Heating\/Cooling<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p>Air conditioning<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>All SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p>N\/A<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><strong>3<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><strong>Lightening<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p>Lights<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>All SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p>N\/A<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>4<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p>Internet\/TV Suplpiers<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>All SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p>N\/A, System administration<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>5<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Computes<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>All SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p>Accountant\/programm er<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>6<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Mobile phone<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>All SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Sales\/Marketing<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>7<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p>Uninterruptable<\/p>\n<p>Power Supply (UPS)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>All SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>N\/A, System administration<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>8<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Servers<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>All SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p>N\/A, System administration<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>9<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Presentation<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Projector<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>All SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p>N\/A, System administration<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>10<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Presentation<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Big Screen TV<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>All SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p>N\/A, System administration<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>11<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Presentation<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Microfones<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>All SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p>N\/A, System administration<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>12<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Presentation<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Audio equipment<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>All SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p>N\/A, System administration<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>13<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p>Vibrators to settle<\/p>\n<p>and compact concrete<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Construction SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Construction SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>14<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Water Pump<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Construction<\/p>\n<p>SMEs\/All SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Construction SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>15<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p>Power Hammers and Drills<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Construction SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p>Construction SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>16<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Saws<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Construction SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p>Construction SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>17<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p>Concrete Batching Plant<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Construction SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Operator<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>18<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><strong>Driving\/Operatio<\/strong> <strong>nal Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p>Concrete Boom Placers<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>fuel<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Construction SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p>Drivers\/staff in consruction company<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>19<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><strong>Driving\/Operatio<\/strong> <strong>nal Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Concrete Tanks<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>fuel<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Construction SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p>Drivers\/staff in consruction company<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>20<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><strong>Driving\/Operatio<\/strong> <strong>nal Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Construction truks<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>fuel<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Construction SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p>Drivers\/staff in consruction company<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>21<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Washing\/ Operational<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Laundry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Food, Beverage &amp;<\/p>\n<p>Tobacco<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Hotels staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>22<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Washing\/ Operational<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p>Washing<\/p>\n<p>mashine\/Dishwash ers<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Food,<\/p>\n<p>Beverage &amp; Tobacco<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Hotels\/restaurant staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>23<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Cooking<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Coffee machine<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Food, Beverage &amp;<\/p>\n<p>Tobacco\/All SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Hotels\/restaurant staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>24<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Storage<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Fridges<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Food, Beverage &amp;<\/p>\n<p>Tobacco<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Hotels\/restorant staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>25<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Cooking<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Ovens<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Food,<\/p>\n<p>Beverage &amp; Tobacco<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Chefs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>26<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Cooking<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Microwave<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Food,<\/p>\n<p>Beverage &amp; Tobacco<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Chefs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>27<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Cooking<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Grill<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Electricity\/g as<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Food,<\/p>\n<p>Beverage &amp; Tobacco<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Chefs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>28<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Serving<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Steam Tables<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Food, Beverage &amp;<\/p>\n<p>Tobacco<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Hotels\/restorant staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>29<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Fridge and Freezers<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Food,<\/p>\n<p>Beverage &amp; Tobacco<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Hotels\/restorant staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>30<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Cooking<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Deep-Fryers<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Food,<\/p>\n<p>Beverage &amp; Tobacco<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Hotels\/restorant staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>31<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Ice Machines<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Food,<\/p>\n<p>Beverage &amp; Tobacco<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Hotels\/restorant staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>32<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Water Heating<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Boilers<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Food,<\/p>\n<p>Beverage &amp; Tobacco<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Hotels\/restorant staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>33<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Ventilation<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Food,<\/p>\n<p>Beverage &amp; Tobacco<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Hotels\/restorant staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>34<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Filtration System<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Food, Beverage &amp; Tobacco\/Foo<\/p>\n<p>d Production Industries<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Construction SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>35<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>De-oiling System<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Food, Beverage &amp; Tobacco\/Foo<\/p>\n<p>d Production Industries<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Construction SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>36<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Ambient Air Cooler<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Food, Beverage &amp; Tobacco\/Foo<\/p>\n<p>d Production Industries<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Construction SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>37<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Cooking<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Ovens<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Electricity\/g as<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Food, Beverage &amp; Tobacco\/Foo<\/p>\n<p>d Production Industries<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Construction SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>38<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Cooking<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Fryers<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Electricity\/g as<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Food, Beverage &amp; Tobacco\/Foo<\/p>\n<p>d Production Industries<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Construction SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>39<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Cooking<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Cooking Systems<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Electricity\/g as<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Food, Beverage &amp; Tobacco\/Foo<\/p>\n<p>d Production Industries<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Construction SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>41<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Storage<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Storage and Handling System<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Food, Beverage &amp; Tobacco\/Foo<\/p>\n<p>d Production Industries<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Construction SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>42<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Weighers<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Food,<\/p>\n<p>Beverage &amp; Tobacco\/Foo<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Construction SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>d Production Industries<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>43<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Electronic Dosing Machines<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Food, Beverage &amp; Tobacco\/Foo<\/p>\n<p>d Production Industries<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Construction SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>44<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Sorting machines<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Food, Beverage &amp; Tobacco\/Foo<\/p>\n<p>d Production Industries<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Construction SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>45<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Liquid filling machines<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Food, Beverage &amp; Tobacco\/Foo<\/p>\n<p>d Production Industries<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Construction SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>46<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Metal Detectors<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Food, Beverage &amp; Tobacco\/Foo<\/p>\n<p>d Production Industries<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Construction SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>47<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Cutting machines<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Food, Beverage &amp; Tobacco\/Foo<\/p>\n<p>d Production Industries<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Construction SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>48<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Filling machines (cans)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Food, Beverage &amp; Tobacco\/Foo<\/p>\n<p>d Production Industries<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Construction SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>49<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Sterilization Machinery<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Food, Beverage &amp; Tobacco\/Foo<\/p>\n<p>d Production Industries<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Construction SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>50<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Drying<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Food, Beverage &amp;<\/p>\n<p>Tobacco\/Foo<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Construction SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>d Production Industries<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>51<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Labelling- Automatic Labeller<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Food, Beverage &amp; Tobacco\/Foo<\/p>\n<p>d Production Industries<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Construction SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>52<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Packing Machines<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Food, Beverage &amp; Tobacco\/Foo<\/p>\n<p>d Production Industries<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Construction SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>10<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>9<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Plate procesing<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Metal<\/p>\n<p>processing SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Metal processing SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>11<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Drilling machines<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Metal<\/p>\n<p>processing SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Metal processing SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>11<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Robotic cuting machines<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Metal<\/p>\n<p>processing SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Metal processing SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>11<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Sawing machines<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Metal<\/p>\n<p>processing SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Metal processing SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>11<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>3<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Painting machines<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Metal<\/p>\n<p>processing SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Metal processing SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>11<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>4<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Shot blasting machines<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Metal<\/p>\n<p>processing SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Metal processing SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>11<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>5<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Punching machines<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Metal<\/p>\n<p>processing SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Metal processing SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>11<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>6<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Shearing machines<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Metal<\/p>\n<p>processing SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Metal processing SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>11<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>7<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Milling machines<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Metal<\/p>\n<p>processing SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Metal processing SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>11<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>8<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Grinding Machine<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Metal<\/p>\n<p>processing SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Metal processing SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>11<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>9<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Shaper Machines<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Metal<\/p>\n<p>processing SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Metal processing SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>12<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Lathe Machine<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Metal<\/p>\n<p>processing SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Metal processing SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>12<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Broaching Machines<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Metal<\/p>\n<p>processing SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Metal processing SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>12<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Shearing machine<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Metal<\/p>\n<p>processing SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Metal processing SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>12<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>3<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Hobbing Machines<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Metal<\/p>\n<p>processing SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Metal processing SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>12<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>4<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Sintering<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>fuels<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Metal<\/p>\n<p>processing SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Metal processing SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>12<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>5<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Coke Ovens<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>fuels<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Metal<\/p>\n<p>processing SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Metal processing SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>12<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>6<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Blast Furnace<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>fuels<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Metal<\/p>\n<p>processing SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Metal processing SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>12<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>7<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Basic Oxygen Furnace<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>fuels<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Metal<\/p>\n<p>processing SMEs<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Metal processing SMEs staff<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><strong>12<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>8<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p>Centrifugal Machines<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Staff Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><strong>12<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>9<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Kettles<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Staff Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><strong>13<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Tanks<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Staff Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><strong>13<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Vacuum Pans<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Staff Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><strong>13<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Agitators<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Staff Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><strong>13<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>3<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>High Shear Mixers<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Staff Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>13<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>4<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Fluid Transfer<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Chemical industry\/All<\/p>\n<p>Manufacturi ng Industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Staff Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><strong>13<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>5<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Mixers<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Staff Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><strong>13<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>6<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Blenders<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Staff Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><strong>13<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>7<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Hot Air Generator<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Staff Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>13<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>8<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Evaporators<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Chemical industry\/All<\/p>\n<p>Manufacturi ng Industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Staff Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><strong>13<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>9<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Dryers<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Staff Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>14<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p>Humidity and<\/p>\n<p>temperature control units<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td 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width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Chemical industry\/All<\/p>\n<p>Manufacturi ng Industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Staff Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>14<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>5<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Ventilation<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Chemical industry\/All<\/p>\n<p>Manufacturi ng Industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Staff Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>14<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>6<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Refrigeration<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Chemical industry\/All<\/p>\n<p>Manufacturi ng Industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Staff Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><strong>14<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>7<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p>Reactors for distillation<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>electricity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Staff Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>14<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>8<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Water heating<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td 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width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"123\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Rotary dryers<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"82\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>fuels<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"91\">\n<p>Chemical industry\/All<\/p>\n<p>Manufacturi ng Industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Staff Chemical industry<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"29\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>15<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>3<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"116\">\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Operational<\/strong> <strong>Activities<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td 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SME\u2019s 3 How to calculate the company\u2019s Energy Footprint\u00a0 4 Suggestions to reduce the energy footprint 5 Factors to consider when selecting improvement suggestions 6 References 7 Annex 1<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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